sion, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behavior. pooled analyses of 199 placebo-controlled clinical trials (mono- and adjunctive therapy) of 11 different aeds showed that patients randomized to one of the aeds had approximately twice the risk (adjusted relative risk 1.8, 95% ci:1.2, 2.7) of suicidal thinking or behavior compared to patients randomized to placebo. in these trials, which had a median treatment duration of 12 weeks, the estimated incidence of suicidal behavior or ideation among 27,863 aed-treated patients was 0.43%, compared to 0.24% among 16,029 placebo-treated patients, representing an increase of approximately one case of suicidal thinking or behavior for every 530 patients treated. there were four suicides in drug-treated patients in the trials and none in placebo-treated patients, but the number of events is too small to allow any conclusion about drug effect on suicide. the increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with aeds was observed as early as one week after starting treatment with aeds and persisted for the duration of treatment assessed. because most trials included in the analysis did not extend beyond 24 weeks, the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior beyond 24 weeks could not be assessed. the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior was generally consistent among drugs in the data analyzed. the finding of increased risk with aeds of varying mechanisms of action and across a range of indications suggests that the risk applies to all aeds used for any indication. the risk did not vary substantially by age (5 to 100 years) in the clinical trials analyzed. table 2 shows absolute and relative risk by indication for all evaluated aeds. table 2: risk by indication for antiepileptic drugs in the pooled analysis indication placebo patients with events per 1000 patients drug patients with events per 1000 patients relative risk: incidence of events in drug patients/incidence in placebo patients risk difference: additional drug patients with events per 1000 patients epilepsy 1 3.4 3.5 2.4 psychiatric 5.7 8.5 1.5 2.9 other 1 1.8 1.9 0.9 total 2.4 4.3 1.8 1.9 the relative risk for suicidal thoughts or behavior was higher in clinical trials for epilepsy than in clinical trials for psychiatric or other conditions, but the absolute risk differences were similar. anyone considering prescribing lacosamide or any other aed must balance this risk with the risk of untreated illness. epilepsy and many other illnesses for which antiepileptics are prescribed are themselves associated with morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. should suicidal thoughts and behavior emerge during treatment, the prescriber needs to consider whether the emergence of these symptoms in any given patient may be related to the illness being treated. 5.2 dizziness and ataxia lacosamide may cause dizziness and ataxia in adult and pediatric patients. in adult patients with partial-onset seizures taking 1 to 3 concomitant aeds, dizziness was experienced by 25% of patients randomized to the recommended doses (200 to 400 mg/day) of lacosamide (compared with 8% of placebo patients) and was the adverse event most frequently leading to discontinuation (3%). ataxia was experienced by 6% of patients randomized to the recommended doses (200 to 400 mg/day) of lacosamide (compared to 2% of placebo patients). the onset of dizziness and ataxia was most commonly observed during titration. there was a substantial increase in these adverse events at doses higher than 400 mg/day [see adverse reactions (6.1)]. 5.3 cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities pr interval prolongation, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia dose-dependent prolongations in pr interval with lacosamide have been observed in clinical studies in adult patients and in healthy volunteers [see clinical pharmacology (12.2)]. in adjunctive clinical trials in adult patients with partial-onset seizures, asymptomatic first-degree atrioventricular (av) block was observed as an adverse reaction in 0.4% (4/944) of patients randomized to receive lacosamide and 0% (0/364) of patients randomized to receive placebo. one case of profound bradycardia was observed in a patient during a 15-minute infusion of 150 mg lacosamide. when lacosamide is given with other drugs that prolong the pr interval, further pr prolongation is possible. in the postmarketing setting, there have been reports of cardiac arrhythmias in patients treated with lacosamide, including bradycardia, av block, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia, which have rarely resulted in asystole, cardiac arrest, and death. most, although not all, cases have occurred in patients with underlying proarrhythmic conditions, or in those taking concomitant medications that affect cardiac conduction or prolong the pr interval. these events have occurred with both oral and intravenous routes of administration and at prescribed doses as well as in the setting of overdose [see overdosage (10)]. lacosamide should be used with caution in patients with underlying proarrhythmic conditions such as known cardiac conduction problems (e.g., marked first-degree av block, second-degree or higher av block and sick sinus syndrome without pacemaker), severe cardiac disease (such as myocardial ischemia or heart failure, or structural heart disease), and cardiac sodium channelopathies (e.g., brugada syndrome). lacosamide should also be used with caution in patients on concomitant medications that affect cardiac conduction, including sodium channel blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, potassium channel blockers, and medications that prolong the pr interval [see drug interactions (7.2)] . in such patients, obtaining an ecg before beginning lacosamide, and after lacosamide is titrated to steady-state maintenance dose, is recommended. in addition, these patients should be closely monitored if they are administered lacosamide through the intravenous route [see adverse reactions (6.1) and drug interactions (7.2)]. atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in the short-term investigational trials of lacosamide in adult patients with partial-onset seizures there were no cases of atrial fibrillation or flutter. both atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter have been reported in open label partial-onset seizure trials and in postmarketing experience. in adult patients with diabetic neuropathy, for which lacosamide is not indicated, 0.5% of patients treated with lacosamide experienced an adverse reaction of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, compared to 0% of placebo-treated patients. lacosamide administration may predispose to atrial arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation or flutter), especially in patients with diabetic neuropathy and/or cardiovascular disease. 5.4 syncope in the short-term controlled trials of lacosamide in adult patients with partial-onset seizures with no significant system illnesses, there was no increase in syncope compared to placebo. in the short-term controlled trials in adult patients with diabetic neuropathy, for which lacosamide is not indicated, 1.2% of patients who were treated with lacosamide reported an adverse reaction of syncope or loss of consciousness, compared with 0% of placebo treated patients with diabetic neuropathy. most of the cases of syncope were observed in patients receiving doses above 400 mg/day. the cause of syncope was not determined in most cases. however, several were associated with either changes in orthostatic blood pressure, atrial flutter/fibrillation (and associated tachycardia), or bradycardia. cases of syncope have also been observed in open-label clinical partial-onset seizure studies in adult and pediatric patients. these cases were associated with a history of risk factors for cardiac disease and the use of drugs that slow av conduction. 5.5 withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs (aeds) as with all aeds, lacosamide should be withdrawn gradually (over a minimum of 1 week) to minimize the potential of increased seizure frequency in patients with seizure disorders. 5.6 drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress)/multi-organ hypersensitivity drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress), also known as multi-organ hypersensitivity, has been reported in patients taking antiepileptic drugs, including lacosamide. some of these events have been fatal or life-threatening. dress typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and/or facial swelling, in association with other organ system involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, hematologic abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis, sometimes resembling an acute viral infection. eosinophilia is often present. this disorder is variable in its expression, and other organ systems not noted here may be involved. it is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity (e.g., fever, lymphadenopathy) may be present even though rash is not evident. if such signs or symptoms are present, the patient should be evaluated immediately. lacosamide should be discontinued if an alternative etiology for the signs or symptoms cannot be established.

is included in table 1. in pediatric patients, the recommended dosing regimen is dependent upon body weight. dosage should be increased based on clinical response and tolerability, no more frequently than once per week. titration increments should not exceed those shown in table 1. table 1: recommended dosages for partial-onset seizures (monotherapy or adjunctive therapy) in patients 4 years of age and older* age and body weight initial dosage titration regimen maintenance dosage adults (17 years and older) monotherapy**: 100 mg twice daily (200 mg per day) adjunctive therapy: 50 mg twice daily (100 mg per day) increase by 50 mg twice daily (100 mg per day) every week monotherapy**: 150 mg to 200 mg twice daily (300 mg to 400 mg per day) adjunctive therapy: 100 mg to 200 mg twice daily (200 mg to 400 mg per day) alternate initial dosage: 200 mg single loading dose, followed 12 hours later by 100 mg twice daily pediatric patients weighing 50 kg or more 50 mg twice daily (100 mg per day) increase by 50 mg twice daily (100 mg per day) every week monotherapy**: 150 mg to 200 mg twice daily (300 mg to 400 mg per day) adjunctive therapy: 100 mg to 200 mg twice daily (200 mg to 400 mg per day) pediatric patients weighing 30 kg to less than 50 kg 1 mg/kg twice daily (2 mg/kg/day) increase by 1 mg/kg twice daily (2 mg/kg/day) every week 2 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg twice daily (4 mg/kg/day to 8 mg/kg/day) pediatric patients weighing 11 kg to less than 30 kg 1 mg/kg twice daily (2 mg/kg/day) increase by 1 mg/kg twice daily (2 mg/kg/day) every week 3 mg/kg to 6 mg/kg twice daily (6 mg/kg/day to 12 mg/kg/day) * when not specified, the dosage is the same for monotherapy for partial-onset seizures and adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures. ** monotherapy for partial-onset seizures only in adjunctive clinical trials in adult patients with partial-onset seizures, a dosage higher than 200 mg twice daily (400 mg per day) was not more effective and was associated with a substantially higher rate of adverse reactions [see adverse reactions (6.1) and clinical studies (14.2)]. loading dose in adult patients (17 years and older) lacosamide tablets may be initiated in adult patients with a single loading dose of 200 mg, followed approximately 12 hours later by 100 mg twice daily (200 mg per day). the maintenance dose regimen should be continued for one week. lacosamide tablets can then be titrated as recommended in table 1. the adult loading dose should be administered with medical supervision because of the increased incidence of cns adverse reactions [see adverse reactions (6.1) and clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. the use of a loading dose in pediatric patients has not been studied. additional pediatric use information is approved for ucb, inc.’s vimpat ® (lacosamide) tablets. however, due to ucb, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information. 2.2 converting from a single antiepileptic (aed) to lacosamide tablets monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures for patients who are already on a single aed and will convert to lacosamide tablets monotherapy, withdrawal of the concomitant aed should not occur until the therapeutic dosage of lacosamide tablet is achieved and has been administered for at least 3 days. a gradual withdrawal of the concomitant aed over at least 6 weeks is recommended. 2.3 dosage information for patients with renal impairment for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, no dosage adjustment is necessary. for patients with severe renal impairment [creatinine clearance (cl cr ) less than 30 ml/min as estimated by the cockcroft-gault equation for adults; cl cr less than 30 ml/min/1.73m 2 as estimated by the schwartz equation for pediatric patients] or end-stage renal disease, a reduction of 25% of the maximum dosage is recommended. in all patients with renal impairment, the dose titration should be performed with caution. hemodialysis lacosamide tablet is effectively removed from plasma by hemodialysis. following a 4-hour hemodialysis treatment, dosage supplementation of up to 50% should be considered. concomitant strong cyp3a4 or cyp2c9 inhibitors dose reduction may be necessary in patients with renal impairment who are taking strong inhibitors of cyp3a4 and cyp2c9 [see drug interactions (7.1), use in specific populations (8.6), and clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. 2.4 dosage information for patients with hepatic impairment for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, a reduction of 25% of the maximum dosage is recommended. the dose titration should be performed with caution in patients with hepatic impairment. lacosamide tablets use is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment. concomitant strong cyp3a4 and cyp2c9 inhibitors dose reduction may be necessary in patients with hepatic impairment who are taking strong inhibitors of cyp3a4 and cyp2c9 [see drug interactions (7.1), use in specific populations (8.7), and clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. 2.5 administration instructions for lacosamide tablets lacosamide tablets may be taken with or without food. lacosamide tablets lacosamide tablets should be swallowed whole with liquid. do not divide lacosamide tablets. 2.7 discontinuation of lacosamide tablets when discontinuing lacosamide tablets, a gradual withdrawal over at least 1 week is recommended [see warnings and precautions (5.5)].

w.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 clinical trials experience because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. lacosamide tablets in adults in the premarketing development of adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures, 1327 adult patients received lacosamide tablets in controlled and uncontrolled trials, of whom 1000 were treated for longer than 6 months, and 852 for longer than 12 months. the monotherapy development program for partial-onset seizures included 425 adult patients, 310 of whom were treated for longer than 6 months, and 254 for longer than 12 months. partial-onset seizures monotherapy historical-control trial (study 1) in the monotherapy trial for partial-onset seizures, 16% of patients randomized to receive lacosamide at the recommended doses of 300 and 400 mg/day discontinued from the trial as a result of an adverse reaction. the adverse reaction most commonly (?1% on lacosamide) leading to discontinuation was dizziness. adverse reactions that occurred in this study were generally similar to those that occurred in adjunctive placebo-controlled studies. one adverse reaction, insomnia, occurred at a rate of ?2% and was not reported at a similar rate in previous studies. this adverse reaction has also been observed in postmarketing experience [see adverse reactions (6.2)]. because this study did not include a placebo control group, causality could not be established. dizziness, headache, nausea, somnolence, and fatigue all occurred at lower incidences during the aed withdrawal phase and monotherapy phase, compared with the titration phase [see clinical studies (14.1)]. adjunctive therapy controlled trials (studies 2, 3, and 4) in adjunctive therapy controlled clinical trials for partial-onset seizures, the rate of discontinuation as a result of an adverse reaction was 8% and 17% in patients randomized to receive lacosamide at the recommended doses of 200 and 400 mg/day, respectively, 29% at 600 mg/day (1.5 times greater than the maximum recommended dose), and 5% in patients randomized to receive placebo. the adverse reactions most commonly (>1% on lacosamide and greater than placebo) leading to discontinuation were dizziness, ataxia, vomiting, diplopia, nausea, vertigo, and blurred vision. table 3 gives the incidence of adverse reactions that occurred in ?2% of adult patients with partial-onset seizures in the lacosamide total group and for which the incidence was greater than placebo. table 3: adverse reactions incidence in adjunctive therapy pooled, placebo-controlled trials in adult patients with partial-onset seizures (studies 2, 3, and 4) adverse reaction placebo n=364 % lacosamide 200 mg/day n=270 % lacosamide 400 mg/day n=471 % lacosamide 600 mg/day* n=203 % lacosamide total n=944 % ear and labyrinth disorder vertigo 1 5 3 4 4 eye disorders diplopia 2 6 10 16 11 blurred vision 3 2 9 16 8 gastrointestinal disorders nausea 4 7 11 17 11 vomiting 3 6 9 16 9 diarrhea 3 3 5 4 4 general disorders and administration site conditions fatigue 6 7 7 15 9 gait disturbance <1 <1 2 4 2 asthenia 1 2 2 4 2 injury, poisoning and procedural complications contusion 3 3 4 2 3 skin laceration 2 2 3 3 3 nervous system disorders dizziness 8 16 30 53 31 headache 9 11 14 12 13 ataxia 2 4 7 15 8 somnolence 5 5 8 8 7 tremor 4 4 6 12 7 nystagmus 4 2 5 10 5 balance disorder 0 1 5 6 4 memory impairment 2 1 2 6 2 psychiatric disorders depression 1 2 2 2 2 skin and subcutaneous disorders pruritus 1 3 2 3 2 *600 mg dose is 1.5 times greater than the maximum recommended dose. the overall adverse reaction rate was similar in male and female patients. although there were few non-caucasian patients, no differences in the incidences of adverse reactions compared to caucasian patients were observed. lacosamide tablet in pediatric patients safety of lacosamide was evaluated in clinical studies of pediatric patients 4 to less than 17 years of age for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. across studies in pediatric patients with partial-onset seizures, 328 patients 4 to less than 17 years of age received lacosamide oral solution or tablet, of whom 148 received lacosamide for at least 1 year. adverse reactions reported in clinical studies of pediatric patients 4 to less than 17 years of age were similar to those seen in adult patients. laboratory abnormalities abnormalities in liver function tests have occurred in controlled trials with lacosamide in adult patients with partial-onset seizures who were taking 1 to 3 concomitant anti-epileptic drugs. elevations of alt to ?3x uln occurred in 0.7% (7/935) of lacosamide patients and 0% (0/356) of placebo patients. one case of hepatitis with transaminases >20x uln occurred in one healthy subject 10 days after lacosamide treatment completion, along with nephritis (proteinuria and urine casts). serologic studies were negative for viral hepatitis. transaminases returned to normal within one month without specific treatment. at the time of this event, bilirubin was normal. the hepatitis/nephritis was interpreted as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to lacosamide. other adverse reactions the following is a list of adverse reactions reported by patients treated with lacosamide in all clinical trials in adult patients, including controlled trials and long-term open-label extension trials. adverse reactions addressed in other tables or sections are not listed here. blood and lymphatic system disorders: neutropenia, anemia cardiac disorders: palpitations ear and labyrinth disorders: tinnitus gastrointestinal disorders: constipation, dyspepsia, dry mouth, oral hypoaesthesia general disorders and administration site conditions: irritability, pyrexia, feeling drunk injury, poisoning, and procedural complications: fall musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: muscle spasms nervous system disorders: paresthesia, cognitive disorder, hypoaesthesia, dysarthria, disturbance in attention, cerebellar syndrome psychiatric disorders: confusional state, mood altered, depressed mood additional pediatric use information is approved for ucb, inc.’s vimpat ® (lacosamide) tablets. however, due to ucb, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information. 6.2 postmarketing experience the following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of lacosamide. because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. blood and lymphatic system disorders: agranulocytosis psychiatric disorders: aggression, agitation, hallucination, insomnia, psychotic disorder skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: angioedema, rash, urticaria, stevens-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis. neurologic disorders: dyskinesia, new or worsening seizures

scarriage or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. lacosamide produced developmental toxicity (increased embryofetal and perinatal mortality, growth deficit) in rats following administration during pregnancy. developmental neurotoxicity was observed in rats following administration during a period of postnatal development corresponding to the third trimester of human pregnancy. these effects were observed at doses associated with clinically relevant plasma exposures (see data) . the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. data animal data oral administration of lacosamide to pregnant rats (20, 75, or 200 mg/kg/day) and rabbits (6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg/day) during the period of organogenesis did not produce any effects on the incidences of fetal structural abnormalities. however, the maximum doses evaluated were limited by maternal toxicity in both species and embryofetal death in rats. these doses were associated with maternal plasma lacosamide exposures (auc) approximately 2 and 1 times (rat and rabbit, respectively) that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd) of 400 mg/day. in two studies in which lacosamide (25, 70, or 200 mg/kg/day and 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation, increased perinatal mortality and decreased body weights in the offspring were observed at the highest dose tested. the no-effect dose for pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity in rats (70 mg/kg/day) was associated with a maternal plasma lacosamide auc similar to that in humans at the mrhd. oral administration of lacosamide (30, 90, or 180 mg/kg/day) to rats during the neonatal and juvenile periods of development resulted in decreased brain weights and long-term neurobehavioral changes (altered open field performance, deficits in learning and memory). the early postnatal period in rats is generally thought to correspond to late pregnancy in humans in terms of brain development. the no-effect dose for developmental neurotoxicity in rats was associated with a plasma lacosamide auc less than that in humans at the mrhd. in vitro data lacosamide has been shown in vitro to interfere with the activity of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (crmp-2), a protein involved in neuronal differentiation and control of axonal outgrowth. potential adverse effects on cns development related to this activity cannot be ruled out. 8.2 lactation risk summary data from published literature indicate that lacosamide is present in human milk. there are reports of increased sleepiness in breastfed infants exposed to lacosamide (see clinical considerations). there is no information on the effects of lacosamide on milk production. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for lacosamide and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from lacosamide or from the underlying maternal condition. clinical considerations monitor infants exposed to lacosamide through breastmilk for excess sedation. 8.4 pediatric use partial-onset seizures safety and effectiveness of lacosamide for the treatment of partial-onset seizures have been established in pediatric patients 4 years to less than 17 years of age. use of lacosamide in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of lacosamide in adults with partial-onset seizures, pharmacokinetic data from adult and pediatric patients, and safety data in 328 pediatric patients 4 years to less than 17 years of age [see adverse reactions (6.1), and clinical pharmacology (12.3), and clinical studies (14.1, 14.2)]. safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below 1 month of age have not been established. animal data lacosamide has been shown in vitro to interfere with the activity of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (crmp-2), a protein involved in neuronal differentiation and control of axonal outgrowth. potential related adverse effects on cns development cannot be ruled out. administration of lacosamide to rats during the neonatal and juvenile periods of postnatal development (approximately equivalent to neonatal through adolescent development in humans) resulted in decreased brain weights and long-term neurobehavioral changes (altered open field performance, deficits in learning and memory). the no-effect dose for developmental neurotoxicity in rats was associated with a plasma lacosamide exposure (auc) less than that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose of 400 mg/day. additional pediatric use information is approved for ucb, inc.’s vimpat ® (lacosamide) tablets. however, due to ucb, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information. 8.5 geriatric use there were insufficient numbers of elderly patients enrolled in partial-onset seizure trials (n=18) to adequately determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. no lacosamide dose adjustment based on age is necessary. in elderly patients, dose titration should be performed with caution, usually starting at the lower end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic function, decreased renal function, increased cardiac conduction abnormalities, and polypharmacy [see dosage and administration (2.1, 2.3, 2.4) and clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . 8.6 renal impairment based on data in adults, no dose adjustment is necessary in adult and pediatric patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (cl cr ?30 ml/min). in adult and pediatric patients with severe renal impairment (cl cr <30 ml/min) and in those with end-stage renal disease, a reduction of 25% of the maximum dosage is recommended [see dosage and administration (2.3) and clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . in all patients with renal impairment, dose titration should be performed with caution. lacosamide is effectively removed from plasma by hemodialysis. dosage supplementation of up to 50% following hemodialysis should be considered. 8.7 hepatic impairment based on data in adults, for adult and pediatric patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, a reduction of 25% of the maximum dosage is recommended. patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment should be observed closely during dose titration [see dosage and administration (2.4), clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide has not been evaluated in severe hepatic impairment. lacosamide use is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment.

tal development corresponding to the third trimester of human pregnancy. these effects were observed at doses associated with clinically relevant plasma exposures (see data) . the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. data animal data oral administration of lacosamide to pregnant rats (20, 75, or 200 mg/kg/day) and rabbits (6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg/day) during the period of organogenesis did not produce any effects on the incidences of fetal structural abnormalities. however, the maximum doses evaluated were limited by maternal toxicity in both species and embryofetal death in rats. these doses were associated with maternal plasma lacosamide exposures (auc) approximately 2 and 1 times (rat and rabbit, respectively) that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd) of 400 mg/day. in two studies in which lacosamide (25, 70, or 200 mg/kg/day and 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation, increased perinatal mortality and decreased body weights in the offspring were observed at the highest dose tested. the no-effect dose for pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity in rats (70 mg/kg/day) was associated with a maternal plasma lacosamide auc similar to that in humans at the mrhd. oral administration of lacosamide (30, 90, or 180 mg/kg/day) to rats during the neonatal and juvenile periods of development resulted in decreased brain weights and long-term neurobehavioral changes (altered open field performance, deficits in learning and memory). the early postnatal period in rats is generally thought to correspond to late pregnancy in humans in terms of brain development. the no-effect dose for developmental neurotoxicity in rats was associated with a plasma lacosamide auc less than that in humans at the mrhd. in vitro data lacosamide has been shown in vitro to interfere with the activity of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (crmp-2), a protein involved in neuronal differentiation and control of axonal outgrowth. potential adverse effects on cns development related to this activity cannot be ruled out.

ide to rats during the neonatal and juvenile periods of postnatal development (approximately equivalent to neonatal through adolescent development in humans) resulted in decreased brain weights and long-term neurobehavioral changes (altered open field performance, deficits in learning and memory). the no-effect dose for developmental neurotoxicity in rats was associated with a plasma lacosamide exposure (auc) less than that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose of 400 mg/day. additional pediatric use information is approved for ucb, inc.’s vimpat ® (lacosamide) tablets. however, due to ucb, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.

tive control (400 mg moxifloxacin). lacosamide did not prolong qtc interval and did not have a dose-related or clinically important effect on qrs duration. lacosamide produced a small, dose-related increase in mean pr interval. at steady-state, the time of the maximum observed mean pr interval corresponded with t max . the placebo-subtracted maximum increase in pr interval (at t max ) was 7.3 ms for the 400 mg/day group and 11.9 ms for the 800 mg/day group. for patients who participated in the controlled trials, the placebo-subtracted mean maximum increase in pr interval for a 400 mg/day lacosamide dose was 3.1 ms in patients with partial-onset seizures and 9.4 ms for patients with diabetic neuropathy. 12.3 pharmacokinetics the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide have been studied in healthy adult subjects (age range 18 to 87), adults with partial-onset seizures, adults with diabetic neuropathy, and subjects with renal and hepatic impairment. the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide are similar in healthy subjects, patients with partial-onset seizures, and patients with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. lacosamide is completely absorbed after oral administration with negligible first-pass effect with a high absolute bioavailability of approximately 100%. the maximum lacosamide plasma concentrations occur approximately 1 to 4 hour post-dose after oral dosing, and elimination half-life is approximately 13 hours. steady state plasma concentrations are achieved after 3 days of twice daily repeated administration. pharmacokinetics of lacosamide are dose proportional (100 to 800 mg) and time invariant, with low inter- and intra-subject variability. compared to lacosamide the major metabolite, o-desmethyl metabolite, has a longer t max (0.5 to 12 hours) and elimination half-life (15 to 23 hours). absorption and bioavailability lacosamide is completely absorbed after oral administration. the oral bioavailability of lacosamide tablets is approximately 100%. food does not affect the rate and extent of absorption. in a trial comparing the oral tablet with an oral solution containing 10 mg/ml lacosamide, bioequivalence between both formulations was shown. a single loading dose of 200 mg approximates steady-state concentrations comparable to the 100 mg twice daily oral administration. distribution the volume of distribution is approximately 0.6 l/kg and thus close to the volume of total body water. lacosamide is less than 15% bound to plasma proteins. metabolism and elimination lacosamide is primarily eliminated from the systemic circulation by renal excretion and biotransformation. after oral administration of 100 mg [14c]-lacosamide approximately 95% of radioactivity administered was recovered in the urine and less than 0.5% in the feces. the major compounds excreted were unchanged lacosamide (approximately 40% of the dose), its o-desmethyl metabolite (approximately 30%), and a structurally unknown polar fraction (~20%). the plasma exposure of the major human metabolite, o-desmethyl-lacosamide, is approximately 10% of that of lacosamide. this metabolite has no known pharmacological activity. the cyp isoforms mainly responsible for the formation of the major metabolite (o-desmethyl) are cyp3a4, cyp2c9, and cyp2c19. the elimination half-life of the unchanged drug is approximately 13 hours and is not altered by different doses, multiple dosing or intravenous administration. there is no enantiomeric interconversion of lacosamide. specific populations renal impairment lacosamide and its major metabolite are eliminated from the systemic circulation primarily by renal excretion. the auc of lacosamide was increased approximately 25% in mildly (cl cr 50 to 80 ml/min) and moderately (cl cr 30 to 50 ml/min) and 60% in severely (cl cr ?30 ml/min) renally impaired patients compared to subjects with normal renal function (cl cr >80 ml/min), whereas c max was unaffected. lacosamide is effectively removed from plasma by hemodialysis. following a 4-hour hemodialysis treatment, auc of lacosamide is reduced by approximately 50% [see dosage and administration (2.3)] . hepatic impairment lacosamide undergoes metabolism. subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (child-pugh b) showed higher plasma concentrations of lacosamide (approximately 50 to 60% higher auc compared to healthy subjects). the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide have not been evaluated in severe hepatic impairment [see dosage and administration (2.4)] . pediatric patients (4 to less than 17 years of age) the pediatric pharmacokinetic profile of lacosamide was determined in a population pharmacokinetic analysis using sparse plasma concentration data obtained in two open-label studies in 79 pediatric patients with epilepsy aged 4 years to less than 17 years who received oral solution or oral tablet formulations. a weight based dosing regimen is necessary to achieve lacosamide exposures in pediatric patients 4 years to less than 17 years of age similar to those observed in adults treated at effective doses of lacosamide [see dosage and administration (2.1)]. for patients weighing 11 kg, 28.9 kg (the mean population body weight), and 70 kg, the typical plasma half-life (t 1/2 ) is 7.4 hours, 10.6 hours, and 14.8 hours, respectively. steady state plasma concentrations are achieved after 3 days of twice daily repeated administration. the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide in pediatric patients are similar when used as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. additional pediatric use information is approved for ucb, inc.’s vimpat ® (lacosamide) tablets. however, due to ucb, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information. geriatric patients in the elderly (>65 years), dose and body-weight normalized auc and cmax is about 20% increased compared to young subjects (18 to 64 years). this may be related to body weight and decreased renal function in elderly subjects. gender lacosamide clinical trials indicate that gender does not have a clinically relevant influence on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide. race there are no clinically relevant differences in the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide between asian, black, and caucasian subjects. cyp2c19 polymorphism there are no clinically relevant differences in the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide between cyp2c19 poor metabolizers and extensive metabolizers. results from a trial in poor metabolizers (pm) (n=4) and extensive metabolizers (em) (n=8) of cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2c19 showed that lacosamide plasma concentrations were similar in pms and ems, but plasma concentrations and the amount excreted into urine of the o-desmethyl metabolite were about 70% reduced in pms compared to ems. drug interactions in vitro assessment of drug interactions in vitro metabolism studies indicate that lacosamide does not induce the enzyme activity of drug metabolizing cytochrome p450 isoforms cyp1a2, 2b6, 2c9, 2c19 and 3a4. lacosamide did not inhibit cyp 1a1, 1a2, 2a6, 2b6, 2c8, 2c9, 2d6, 2e1, 3a4/5 at plasma concentrations observed in clinical studies. in vitro data suggest that lacosamide has the potential to inhibit cyp2c19 at therapeutic concentrations. however, an in vivo study with omeprazole did not show an inhibitory effect on omeprazole pharmacokinetics. lacosamide was not a substrate or inhibitor for p-glycoprotein. lacosamide is a substrate of cyp3a4, cyp2c9, and cyp2c19. patients with renal or hepatic impairment who are taking strong inhibitors of cyp3a4 and cyp2c9 may have increased exposure to lacosamide. since <15% of lacosamide is bound to plasma proteins, a clinically relevant interaction with other drugs through competition for protein binding sites is unlikely. in vivo assessment of drug interactions • drug interaction studies with aeds o effect of lacosamide on concomitant aeds lacosamide 400 mg/day had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of 600 mg/day valproic acid and 400 mg/day carbamazepine in healthy subjects. the placebo-controlled clinical studies in patients with partial-onset seizures showed that steady-state plasma concentrations of levetiracetam, carbamazepine, carbamazepine epoxide, lamotrigine, topiramate, oxcarbazepine monohydroxy derivative (mhd), phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, gabapentin, clonazepam, and zonisamide were not affected by concomitant intake of lacosamide at any dose. o effect of concomitant aeds on lacosamide drug-drug interaction studies in healthy subjects showed that 600 mg/day valproic acid had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of 400 mg/day lacosamide. likewise, 400 mg/day carbamazepine had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide in a healthy subject study. population pharmacokinetics results in patients with partial-onset seizures showed small reductions (15% to 20% lower) in lacosamide plasma concentrations when lacosamide was coadministered with carbamazepine, phenobarbital or phenytoin. • drug-drug interaction studies with other drugs o digoxin there was no effect of lacosamide (400 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin (0.5 mg once daily) in a study in healthy subjects. o metformin there were no clinically relevant changes in metformin levels following coadministration of lacosamide (400 mg/day). metformin (500 mg three times a day) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide (400 mg/day). o omeprazole omeprazole is a cyp2c19 substrate and inhibitor. there was no effect of lacosamide (600 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole (40 mg single dose) in healthy subjects. the data indicated that lacosamide had little in vivo inhibitory or inducing effect on cyp2c19. omeprazole at a dose of 40 mg once daily had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide (300 mg single dose). however, plasma levels of the o-desmethyl metabolite were reduced about 60% in the presence of omeprazole. o midazolam midazolam is a 3a4 substrate. there was no effect of lacosamide (200 mg single dose or repeat doses of 400 mg/day given as 200 mg bid) on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam (single dose, 7.5 mg), indicating no inhibitory or inducing effects on cyp3a4. o oral contraceptives there was no influence of lacosamide (400 mg/day) on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel in healthy subjects, except that a 20% increase in ethinylestradiol cmax was observed. o warfarin co-administration of lacosamide (400 mg/day) with warfarin (25 mg single dose) did not result in a clinically relevant change in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of warfarin in a study in healthy male subjects.

, o-desmethyl metabolite, has a longer t max (0.5 to 12 hours) and elimination half-life (15 to 23 hours). absorption and bioavailability lacosamide is completely absorbed after oral administration. the oral bioavailability of lacosamide tablets is approximately 100%. food does not affect the rate and extent of absorption. in a trial comparing the oral tablet with an oral solution containing 10 mg/ml lacosamide, bioequivalence between both formulations was shown. a single loading dose of 200 mg approximates steady-state concentrations comparable to the 100 mg twice daily oral administration. distribution the volume of distribution is approximately 0.6 l/kg and thus close to the volume of total body water. lacosamide is less than 15% bound to plasma proteins. metabolism and elimination lacosamide is primarily eliminated from the systemic circulation by renal excretion and biotransformation. after oral administration of 100 mg [14c]-lacosamide approximately 95% of radioactivity administered was recovered in the urine and less than 0.5% in the feces. the major compounds excreted were unchanged lacosamide (approximately 40% of the dose), its o-desmethyl metabolite (approximately 30%), and a structurally unknown polar fraction (~20%). the plasma exposure of the major human metabolite, o-desmethyl-lacosamide, is approximately 10% of that of lacosamide. this metabolite has no known pharmacological activity. the cyp isoforms mainly responsible for the formation of the major metabolite (o-desmethyl) are cyp3a4, cyp2c9, and cyp2c19. the elimination half-life of the unchanged drug is approximately 13 hours and is not altered by different doses, multiple dosing or intravenous administration. there is no enantiomeric interconversion of lacosamide. specific populations renal impairment lacosamide and its major metabolite are eliminated from the systemic circulation primarily by renal excretion. the auc of lacosamide was increased approximately 25% in mildly (cl cr 50 to 80 ml/min) and moderately (cl cr 30 to 50 ml/min) and 60% in severely (cl cr ?30 ml/min) renally impaired patients compared to subjects with normal renal function (cl cr >80 ml/min), whereas c max was unaffected. lacosamide is effectively removed from plasma by hemodialysis. following a 4-hour hemodialysis treatment, auc of lacosamide is reduced by approximately 50% [see dosage and administration (2.3)] . hepatic impairment lacosamide undergoes metabolism. subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (child-pugh b) showed higher plasma concentrations of lacosamide (approximately 50 to 60% higher auc compared to healthy subjects). the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide have not been evaluated in severe hepatic impairment [see dosage and administration (2.4)] . pediatric patients (4 to less than 17 years of age) the pediatric pharmacokinetic profile of lacosamide was determined in a population pharmacokinetic analysis using sparse plasma concentration data obtained in two open-label studies in 79 pediatric patients with epilepsy aged 4 years to less than 17 years who received oral solution or oral tablet formulations. a weight based dosing regimen is necessary to achieve lacosamide exposures in pediatric patients 4 years to less than 17 years of age similar to those observed in adults treated at effective doses of lacosamide [see dosage and administration (2.1)]. for patients weighing 11 kg, 28.9 kg (the mean population body weight), and 70 kg, the typical plasma half-life (t 1/2 ) is 7.4 hours, 10.6 hours, and 14.8 hours, respectively. steady state plasma concentrations are achieved after 3 days of twice daily repeated administration. the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide in pediatric patients are similar when used as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. additional pediatric use information is approved for ucb, inc.’s vimpat ® (lacosamide) tablets. however, due to ucb, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information. geriatric patients in the elderly (>65 years), dose and body-weight normalized auc and cmax is about 20% increased compared to young subjects (18 to 64 years). this may be related to body weight and decreased renal function in elderly subjects. gender lacosamide clinical trials indicate that gender does not have a clinically relevant influence on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide. race there are no clinically relevant differences in the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide between asian, black, and caucasian subjects. cyp2c19 polymorphism there are no clinically relevant differences in the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide between cyp2c19 poor metabolizers and extensive metabolizers. results from a trial in poor metabolizers (pm) (n=4) and extensive metabolizers (em) (n=8) of cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2c19 showed that lacosamide plasma concentrations were similar in pms and ems, but plasma concentrations and the amount excreted into urine of the o-desmethyl metabolite were about 70% reduced in pms compared to ems. drug interactions in vitro assessment of drug interactions in vitro metabolism studies indicate that lacosamide does not induce the enzyme activity of drug metabolizing cytochrome p450 isoforms cyp1a2, 2b6, 2c9, 2c19 and 3a4. lacosamide did not inhibit cyp 1a1, 1a2, 2a6, 2b6, 2c8, 2c9, 2d6, 2e1, 3a4/5 at plasma concentrations observed in clinical studies. in vitro data suggest that lacosamide has the potential to inhibit cyp2c19 at therapeutic concentrations. however, an in vivo study with omeprazole did not show an inhibitory effect on omeprazole pharmacokinetics. lacosamide was not a substrate or inhibitor for p-glycoprotein. lacosamide is a substrate of cyp3a4, cyp2c9, and cyp2c19. patients with renal or hepatic impairment who are taking strong inhibitors of cyp3a4 and cyp2c9 may have increased exposure to lacosamide. since <15% of lacosamide is bound to plasma proteins, a clinically relevant interaction with other drugs through competition for protein binding sites is unlikely. in vivo assessment of drug interactions • drug interaction studies with aeds o effect of lacosamide on concomitant aeds lacosamide 400 mg/day had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of 600 mg/day valproic acid and 400 mg/day carbamazepine in healthy subjects. the placebo-controlled clinical studies in patients with partial-onset seizures showed that steady-state plasma concentrations of levetiracetam, carbamazepine, carbamazepine epoxide, lamotrigine, topiramate, oxcarbazepine monohydroxy derivative (mhd), phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, gabapentin, clonazepam, and zonisamide were not affected by concomitant intake of lacosamide at any dose. o effect of concomitant aeds on lacosamide drug-drug interaction studies in healthy subjects showed that 600 mg/day valproic acid had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of 400 mg/day lacosamide. likewise, 400 mg/day carbamazepine had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide in a healthy subject study. population pharmacokinetics results in patients with partial-onset seizures showed small reductions (15% to 20% lower) in lacosamide plasma concentrations when lacosamide was coadministered with carbamazepine, phenobarbital or phenytoin. • drug-drug interaction studies with other drugs o digoxin there was no effect of lacosamide (400 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin (0.5 mg once daily) in a study in healthy subjects. o metformin there were no clinically relevant changes in metformin levels following coadministration of lacosamide (400 mg/day). metformin (500 mg three times a day) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide (400 mg/day). o omeprazole omeprazole is a cyp2c19 substrate and inhibitor. there was no effect of lacosamide (600 mg/day) on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole (40 mg single dose) in healthy subjects. the data indicated that lacosamide had little in vivo inhibitory or inducing effect on cyp2c19. omeprazole at a dose of 40 mg once daily had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide (300 mg single dose). however, plasma levels of the o-desmethyl metabolite were reduced about 60% in the presence of omeprazole. o midazolam midazolam is a 3a4 substrate. there was no effect of lacosamide (200 mg single dose or repeat doses of 400 mg/day given as 200 mg bid) on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam (single dose, 7.5 mg), indicating no inhibitory or inducing effects on cyp3a4. o oral contraceptives there was no influence of lacosamide (400 mg/day) on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel in healthy subjects, except that a 20% increase in ethinylestradiol cmax was observed. o warfarin co-administration of lacosamide (400 mg/day) with warfarin (25 mg single dose) did not result in a clinically relevant change in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of warfarin in a study in healthy male subjects.

re blinded. response to treatment was based upon a comparison of the number of patients who met exit criteria during the maintenance phase, compared to historical controls. the historical control consisted of a pooled analysis of the control groups from 8 studies of similar design, which utilized a sub-therapeutic dose of an antiepileptic drug. statistical superiority to the historical control was considered to be demonstrated if the upper limit from a 2-sided 95% confidence interval for the percentage of patients meeting exit criteria in patients receiving lacosamide remained below the lower 95% prediction limit of 65% derived from the historical control data. the exit criteria were one or more of the following: (1) doubling of average monthly seizure frequency during any 28 consecutive days, (2) doubling of highest consecutive 2-day seizure frequency, (3) occurrence of a single generalized tonic-clonic seizure, (4) clinically significant prolongation or worsening of overall seizure duration, frequency, type or pattern considered by the investigator to require trial discontinuation, (5) status epilepticus or new onset of serial/cluster seizures. the study population profile appeared comparable to that of the historical control population. for the lacosamide 400 mg/day group, the estimate of the percentage of patients meeting at least 1 exit criterion was 30% (95% ci: 25%, 36%). the upper limit of the 2-sided 95% ci (36%) was below the threshold of 65% derived from the historical control data, meeting the pre-specified criteria for efficacy. lacosamide 300 mg/day also met the pre-specified criteria for efficacy. 14.2 adjunctive therapy in patients with partial-onset seizures the efficacy of lacosamide as adjunctive therapy in partial-onset seizures was established in three 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials in adult patients (study 2, study 3, and study 4). enrolled patients had partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization, and were not adequately controlled with 1 to 3 concomitant aeds. during an 8-week baseline period, patients were required to have an average of ?4 partial-onset seizures per 28 days with no seizure-free period exceeding 21 days. in these 3 trials, patients had a mean duration of epilepsy of 24 years and a median baseline seizure frequency ranging from 10 to 17 per 28 days. 84% of patients were taking 2 to 3 concomitant aeds with or without concurrent vagal nerve stimulation. study 2 compared doses of lacosamide 200, 400, and 600 mg/day with placebo. study 3 compared doses of lacosamide 400 and 600 mg/day with placebo. study 4 compared doses of lacosamide 200 and 400 mg/day with placebo. in all three trials, following an 8-week baseline phase to establish baseline seizure frequency prior to randomization, patients were randomized and titrated to the randomized dose (a 1-step back-titration of lacosamide 100 mg/day or placebo was allowed in the case of intolerable adverse events at the end of the titration phase). during the titration phase, in all 3 adjunctive therapy trials, treatment was initiated at 100 mg/day (50 mg twice daily), and increased in weekly increments of 100 mg/day to the target dose. the titration phase lasted 6 weeks in study 2 and study 3, and 4 weeks in study 4. in all three trials, the titration phase was followed by a maintenance phase that lasted 12 weeks, during which patients were to remain on a stable dose of lacosamide. a reduction in 28 day seizure frequency (baseline to maintenance phase), as compared to the placebo group, was the primary variable in all three adjunctive therapy trials. a statistically significant effect was observed with lacosamide treatment (figure 1) at doses of 200 mg/day (study 4), 400 mg/day (studies 2, 3, and 4), and 600 mg/day (studies 2 and 3). subset evaluations of lacosamide demonstrate no important differences in seizure control as a function of gender or race, although data on race was limited (about 10% of patients were non-caucasian). figure 2 presents the percentage of patients (x-axis) with a percent reduction in partial seizure frequency (responder rate) from baseline to the maintenance phase at least as great as that represented on the y-axis. a positive value on the y-axis indicates an improvement from baseline (i.e., a decrease in seizure frequency), while a negative value indicates a worsening from baseline (i.e., an increase in seizure frequency). thus, in a display of this type, a curve for an effective treatment is shifted to the left of the curve for placebo. the proportion of patients achieving any particular level of reduction in seizure frequency was consistently higher for the lacosamide groups, compared to the placebo group. for example, 40% of patients randomized to lacosamide (400 mg/day) experienced a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency, compared to 23% of patients randomized to placebo. patients with an increase in seizure frequency >100% are represented on the y-axis as equal to or greater than -100%. additional pediatric use information is approved for ucb, inc.’s vimpat ® (lacosamide) tablets. however, due to ucb, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information. figure1 figure2

tablets with child-resistant closure, ndc 62332-173-30 bottle of 60 tablets with child-resistant closure, ndc 62332-173-60 bottle of 1000 tablets, ndc 62332-173-91 100 (10 x 10) unit-dose tablets, ndc 62332-173-10 lacosamide tablets usp, 200 mg are blue, oval, film-coated tablets debossed with “l426” on one side and plain on other side. they are supplied as follows: bottle of 30 tablets with child-resistant closure, ndc 62332-174-30 bottle of 60 tablets with child-resistant closure, ndc 62332-174-60 bottle of 500 tablets, ndc 62332-174-71 100 (10 x 10) unit-dose tablets, ndc 62332-174-10 16.2 storage and handling store at 20° to 25°c (68° to 77°f); excursions permitted between 15° to 30°c (59° to 86°f). [see usp controlled room temperature].

hould be advised not to drive, operate complex machinery, or engage in other hazardous activities until they have become accustomed to any such effects associated with lacosamide tablets [see warnings and precautions (5.2)] . cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities patients should be counseled that lacosamide tablet is associated with electrocardiographic changes that may predispose to irregular heart beat and syncope. cardiac arrest has been reported. this risk is increased in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, with heart conduction problems, or who are taking other medications that affect the heart. patients should be made aware of and report cardiac signs or symptoms to their healthcare provider right away. patients who develop syncope should lay down with raised legs and contact their health care provider [see warnings and precautions (5.3)] . drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress)/multi-organ hypersensitivity patients should be aware that lacosamide tablets may cause serious hypersensitivity reactions affecting multiple organs such as the liver and kidney. lacosamide tablets should be discontinued if a serious hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. patients should also be instructed to report promptly to their physicians any symptoms of liver toxicity (e.g., fatigue, jaundice, dark urine) [see warnings and precautions (5.6)] . pregnancy registry advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during lacosamide tablets therapy. encourage patients to enroll in the north american antiepileptic drug (naaed) pregnancy registry if they become pregnant. this registry is collecting information about the safety of aeds during pregnancy [see use in specific populations (8.1)] . lactation advise breastfeeding women using lacosamide tablets to monitor infants for excess sleepiness and to seek medical care if they notice this sign [see use in specific populations (8.2)]. medication guide available at http://www.alembicusa.com/medicationguide.aspx or call 1-866-210-9797. manufactured by: alembic pharmaceuticals limited (formulation division), panelav 389350, gujarat, india manufactured for: alembic pharmaceuticals, inc. bedminster, nj 07921, usa revised: 10/2022