Product Elements:
Furosemide furosemide furosemide furosemide starch, corn anhydrous lactose magnesium stearate microcrystalline cellulose sodium starch glycolate type a potato silicon dioxide ep;116
Drug Interactions:
Drug interactions furosemide tablets may increase the ototoxic potential of aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially in the presence of impaired renal function. except in life-threatening situations, avoid this combination. furosemide tablets should not be used concomitantly with ethacrynic acid because of the possibility of ototoxicity. patients receiving high doses of salicylates concomitantly with furosemide tablets, as in rheumatic disease, may experience salicylate toxicity at lower doses because of competitive renal excretory sites. there is a risk of ototoxic effects if cisplatin and furosemide tablets are given concomitantly. in addition, nephrotoxicity of nephrotoxic drugs such as cisplatin may be enhanced if furosemide tablets are not given in lower doses and with positive fluid balance when used to achieve forced diuresis during cisplatin treatment. furosemide tablets have a tendency to antagonize the skeletal muscle relaxing effect of tubocurarine and may potentiate the actio
Read more...n of succinylcholine. lithium generally should not be given with diuretics because they reduce lithiumâs renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. furosemide tablets combined with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin ii receptor blockers may lead to severe hypotension and deterioration in renal function, including renal failure. an interruption or reduction in the dosage of furosemide tablets, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers may be necessary. potentiation occurs with ganglionic or peripheral adrenergic blocking drugs. furosemide tablets may decrease arterial responsiveness to norepinephrine. however, norepinephrine may still be used effectively. simultaneous administration of sucralfate and furosemide tablets may reduce the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of furosemide tablets. patients receiving both drugs should be observed closely to determine if the desired diuretic and/or antihypertensive effect of furosemide tablets is achieved. the intake of furosemide tablets and sucralfate should be separated by at least two hours. in isolated cases, intravenous administration of furosemide tablets within 24 hours of taking chloral hydrate may lead to flushing, sweating attacks, restlessness, nausea, increase in blood pressure, and tachycardia. use of furosemide tablets concomitantly with chloral hydrate is, therefore, not recommended. phenytoin interferes directly with renal action of furosemide tablets. there is evidence that treatment with phenytoin leads to decrease intestinal absorption of furosemide tablets, and consequently to lower peak serum furosemide concentrations. methotrexate and other drugs that, like furosemide tablets, undergo significant renal tubular secretion may reduce the effect of furosemide tablets. conversely, furosemide tablets may decrease renal elimination of other drugs that undergo tubular secretion. high-dose treatment of both furosemide tablets and these other drugs may result in elevated serum levels of these drugs and may potentiate their toxicity as well as the toxicity of furosemide tablets. furosemide tablets can increase the risk of cephalosporin-induced nephrotoxicity even in the setting of minor or transient renal impairment. concomitant use of cyclosporine and furosemide tablets is associated with increased risk of gouty arthritis secondary to furosemide tablets-induced hyperurecemia and cyclosporine impairment of renal urate excretion. one study in six subjects demonstrated that the combination of furosemide and acetylsalicylic acid temporarily reduced creatinine clearance in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. there are case reports of patients who developed increased bun, serum creatinine and serum potassium levels, and weight gain when furosemide was used in conjunction with nsaids. literature reports indicate that coadministration of indomethacin may reduce the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of furosemide tablets (furesomide) in some patients by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. indomethacin may also affect plasma renin levels, aldosterone excretion, and renin profile evaluation. patients receiving both indomethacin and furosemide tablets should be observed closely to determine if the desired diuretic and/or antihypertensive effect of furosemide tablets is achieved.
Indications and Usage:
Indications and usage edema furosemide tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. furosemide tablets are particularly useful when an agent with greater diuretic potential is desired. hypertension oral furosemide tablets may be used in adults for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. hypertensive patients who cannot be adequately controlled with thiazides will probably also not be adequately controlled with furosemide tablets alone.
Warnings:
Warnings in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites, furosemide tablets therapy is best initiated in the hospital. in hepatic coma and in states of electrolyte depletion, therapy should not be instituted until the basic condition is improved. sudden alterations of fluid and electrolyte balance in patients with cirrhosis may precipitate hepatic coma; therefore, strict observation is necessary during the period of diuresis. supplemental potassium chloride and, if required, an aldosterone antagonist are helpful in preventing hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. if increasing azotemia and oliguria occur during treatment of severe progressive renal disease, furosemide tablets should be discontinued. cases of tinnitus and reversible or irreversible hearing impairment and deafness have been reported. reports usually indicate that furosemide tablets ototoxicity is associated with rapid injection, severe renal impairment, the use of higher than recommended doses, hypoproteinemia or concomit
Read more...ant therapy with aminoglycoside antibiotics, ethacrynic acid, or other ototoxic drugs. if the physician elects to use high dose parenteral therapy, controlled intravenous infusion is advisable (for adults, an infusion rate not exceeding 4 mg furosemide tablets per minute has been used). (see precautions: drug interactions )
Dosage and Administration:
Dosage and administration edema therapy should be individualized according to patient response to gain maximal therapeutic response and to determine the minimal dose needed to maintain that response. adults the usual initial dose of furosemide tablets is 20 to 80 mg given as a single dose. ordinarily a prompt diuresis ensues. if needed, the same dose can be administered 6 to 8 hours later or the dose may be increased. the dose may be raised by 20 or 40 mg and given not sooner than 6 to 8 hours after the previous dose until the desired diuretic effect has been obtained. the individually determined single dose should then be given once or twice daily (eg, at 8 am and 2 pm). the dose of furosemide tablets may be carefully titrated up to 600 mg/day in patients with clinically severe edematous states. edema may be most efficiently and safely mobilized by giving furosemide tablets on 2 to 4 consecutive days each week. when doses exceeding 80 mg/day are given for prolonged periods, careful cl
Read more...inical observation and laboratory monitoring are particularly advisable. (see precautions: laboratory tests .) geriatric patients in general, dose selection for the elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range (see precautions: geriatric use ). pediatric patients the usual initial dose of oral furosemide tablets in pediatric patients is 2 mg/kg body weight, given as a single dose. if the diuretic response is not satisfactory after the initial dose, dosage may be increased by 1 or 2 mg/kg no sooner than 6 to 8 hours after the previous dose. doses greater than 6 mg/kg body weight are not recommended. for maintenance therapy in pediatric patients, the dose should be adjusted to the minimum effective level. hypertension therapy should be individualized according to the patient's response to gain maximal therapeutic response and to determine the minimal dose needed to maintain the therapeutic response. adults the usual initial dose of furosemide tablets for hypertension is 80 mg, usually divided into 40 mg twice a day. dosage should then be adjusted according to response. if response is not satisfactory, add other antihypertensive agents. changes in blood pressure must be carefully monitored when furosemide tablets are used with other antihypertensive drugs, especially during initial therapy. to prevent excessive drop in blood pressure, the dosage of other agents should be reduced by at least 50 percent when furosemide tablets are added to the regimen. as the blood pressure falls under the potentiating effect of furosemide tablets, a further reduction in dosage or even discontinuation of other antihypertensive drugs may be necessary. geriatric patients in general, dose selection and dose adjustment for the elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range (see precautions: geriatric use ).
Contraindications:
Contraindications furosemide tablets are contraindicated in patients with anuria and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to furosemide.
Adverse Reactions:
Adverse reactions adverse reactions are categorized below by organ system and listed by decreasing severity. gastrointestinal system reactions hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepato-cellular insufficiency pancreatitis jaundice (intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice) increased liver enzymes anorexia oral and gastric irritation cramping diarrhea constipation nausea vomiting systemic hypersensitivity reactions severe anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions (e.g. with shock) systemic vasculitis interstitial nephritis necrotizing angiitis central nervous system reactions tinnitus and hearing loss paresthesias vertigo dizziness headache blurred vision xanthopsia hematologic reactions aplastic anemia thrombocytopenia agranulocytosis hemolytic anemia leukopenia anemia eosinophilia dermatologic-hypersensitivity reactions toxic epidermal necrolysis stevens-johnson syndrome erythema multiforme drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis exfolia
Read more...tive dermatitis bullous pemphigoid purpura photosensitivity rash pruritis urticaria cardiovascular reaction orthostatic hypotension may occur and be aggravated by alcohol, barbiturates or narcotics. increase in cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels other reactions hyperglycemia glycosuria hyperuricemia muscle spasm weakness restlessness urinary bladder spasm thrombophlebitis fever whenever adverse reactions are moderate or severe, furosemide tablets dosage should be reduced or therapy withdrawn. call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. you may report side effects to the fda at 1-800-fda-1088 or leading pharma, llc at 1-844-740-7500.
Drug Interactions:
Drug interactions furosemide tablets may increase the ototoxic potential of aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially in the presence of impaired renal function. except in life-threatening situations, avoid this combination. furosemide tablets should not be used concomitantly with ethacrynic acid because of the possibility of ototoxicity. patients receiving high doses of salicylates concomitantly with furosemide tablets, as in rheumatic disease, may experience salicylate toxicity at lower doses because of competitive renal excretory sites. there is a risk of ototoxic effects if cisplatin and furosemide tablets are given concomitantly. in addition, nephrotoxicity of nephrotoxic drugs such as cisplatin may be enhanced if furosemide tablets are not given in lower doses and with positive fluid balance when used to achieve forced diuresis during cisplatin treatment. furosemide tablets have a tendency to antagonize the skeletal muscle relaxing effect of tubocurarine and may potentiate the actio
Read more...n of succinylcholine. lithium generally should not be given with diuretics because they reduce lithiumâs renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. furosemide tablets combined with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin ii receptor blockers may lead to severe hypotension and deterioration in renal function, including renal failure. an interruption or reduction in the dosage of furosemide tablets, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers may be necessary. potentiation occurs with ganglionic or peripheral adrenergic blocking drugs. furosemide tablets may decrease arterial responsiveness to norepinephrine. however, norepinephrine may still be used effectively. simultaneous administration of sucralfate and furosemide tablets may reduce the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of furosemide tablets. patients receiving both drugs should be observed closely to determine if the desired diuretic and/or antihypertensive effect of furosemide tablets is achieved. the intake of furosemide tablets and sucralfate should be separated by at least two hours. in isolated cases, intravenous administration of furosemide tablets within 24 hours of taking chloral hydrate may lead to flushing, sweating attacks, restlessness, nausea, increase in blood pressure, and tachycardia. use of furosemide tablets concomitantly with chloral hydrate is, therefore, not recommended. phenytoin interferes directly with renal action of furosemide tablets. there is evidence that treatment with phenytoin leads to decrease intestinal absorption of furosemide tablets, and consequently to lower peak serum furosemide concentrations. methotrexate and other drugs that, like furosemide tablets, undergo significant renal tubular secretion may reduce the effect of furosemide tablets. conversely, furosemide tablets may decrease renal elimination of other drugs that undergo tubular secretion. high-dose treatment of both furosemide tablets and these other drugs may result in elevated serum levels of these drugs and may potentiate their toxicity as well as the toxicity of furosemide tablets. furosemide tablets can increase the risk of cephalosporin-induced nephrotoxicity even in the setting of minor or transient renal impairment. concomitant use of cyclosporine and furosemide tablets is associated with increased risk of gouty arthritis secondary to furosemide tablets-induced hyperurecemia and cyclosporine impairment of renal urate excretion. one study in six subjects demonstrated that the combination of furosemide and acetylsalicylic acid temporarily reduced creatinine clearance in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. there are case reports of patients who developed increased bun, serum creatinine and serum potassium levels, and weight gain when furosemide was used in conjunction with nsaids. literature reports indicate that coadministration of indomethacin may reduce the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of furosemide tablets (furesomide) in some patients by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. indomethacin may also affect plasma renin levels, aldosterone excretion, and renin profile evaluation. patients receiving both indomethacin and furosemide tablets should be observed closely to determine if the desired diuretic and/or antihypertensive effect of furosemide tablets is achieved.
Use in Pregnancy:
Pregnancy pregnancy category c - furosemide has been shown to cause unexplained maternal deaths and abortions in rabbits at 2, 4 and 8 times the maximal recommended human dose. there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. furosemide tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. treatment during pregnancy requires monitoring of fetal growth because of the potential for higher birth weights. the effects of furosemide on embryonic and fetal development and on pregnant dams were studied in mice, rats and rabbits. furosemide caused unexplained maternal deaths and abortions in the rabbit at the lowest dose of 25 mg/kg (2 times the maximal recommended human dose of 600 mg/day). in another study, a dose of 50 mg/kg (4 times the maximal recommended human dose of 600 mg/day) also caused maternal deaths and abortions when administered to rabbits between days 12 and 17 of gestation. in a third study, none of
Read more... the pregnant rabbits survived a dose of 100 mg/kg. data from the above studies indicate fetal lethality that can precede maternal deaths. the results of the mouse study and one of the three rabbit studies also showed an increased incidence and severity of hydronephrosis (distention of the renal pelvis and, in some cases, of the ureters) in fetuses derived from the treated dams as compared with the incidence in fetuses from the control group.
Pediatric Use:
Pediatric use in premature infants furosemide tablets may precipitate nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis. nephrocalcinosis/ nephrolithiasis has also been observed in children under 4 years of age with no history of prematurity who have been treated chronically with furosemide tablets. monitor renal function, and renal ultrasonography should be considered, in pediatric patients receiving furosemide tablets. if furosemide tablets are administered to premature infants during the first weeks of life, it may increase the risk of persistence of patent ductus arteriosus.
Geriatric Use:
Geriatric use controlled clinical studies of furosemide tablets did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. in general, dose selection for the elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. this drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection and it may be useful to monitor renal function. (see precautions: general and dosage and administration .)
Overdosage:
Overdosage the principal signs and symptoms of overdose with furosemide are dehydration, blood volume reduction, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia and hypochloremic alkalosis, and are extensions of its diuretic action. the acute toxicity of furosemide has been determined in mice, rats and dogs. in all three, the oral ld 50 exceeded 1000 mg/kg body weight, while the intravenous ld 50 ranged from 300 to 680 mg/kg. the acute intragastric toxicity in neonatal rats is 7 to 10 times that of adult rats. the concentration of furosemide tablets in biological fluids associated with toxicity or death is not known. treatment of overdosage is supportive and consists of replacement of excessive fluid and electrolyte losses. serum electrolytes, carbon dioxide level and blood pressure should be determined frequently. adequate drainage must be assured in patients with urinary bladder outlet obstruction (such as prostatic hypertrophy). hemodialysis does not accelerate furosemide elimination.
Description:
Description furosemide tablets are a diuretic which is an anthranilic acid derivative. furosemide tablets for oral administration contain furosemide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: corn starch, lactose anhydrous, magnesium stearate, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, and colloidal silicon dioxide. chemically, it is 4-chloro-n-furfuryl- 5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid. furosemide tablets are available as white tablets for oral administration in dosage strengths of 20, 40 and 80 mg. furosemide is a white to off-white odorless crystalline powder. it is practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, freely soluble in dilute alkali solutions and insoluble in dilute acids. the cas registry number is 54-31-9. the structural formula is as follows: structure
Clinical Pharmacology:
Clinical pharmacology investigations into the mode of action of furosemide tablets have utilized micropuncture studies in rats, stop flow experiments in dogs and various clearance studies in both humans and experimental animals. it has been demonstrated that furosemide tablets inhibits primarily the absorption of sodium and chloride not only in the proximal and distal tubules but also in the loop of henle. the high degree of efficacy is largely due to the unique site of action. the action on the distal tubule is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase and aldosterone. recent evidence suggests that furosemide glucuronide is the only or at least the major biotransformation product of furosemide in man. furosemide is extensively bound to plasma proteins, mainly to albumin. plasma concentrations ranging from 1 to 400 µg/ml are 91 to 99% bound in healthy individuals. the unbound fraction averages 2.3 to 4.1% at therapeutic concentrations. the onset of diuresis followin
Read more...g oral administration is within 1 hour. the peak effect occurs within the first or second hour. the duration of diuretic effect is 6 to 8 hours. in fasted normal men, the mean bioavailability of furosemide from furosemide tablets and furosemide oral solution is 64% and 60%, respectively, of that from an intravenous injection of the drug. although furosemide is more rapidly absorbed from the oral solution (50 minutes) than from the tablet (87 minutes), peak plasma levels and area under the plasma concentration-time curves do not differ significantly. peak plasma concentrations increase with increasing dose but times-to-peak do not differ among doses. the terminal half-life of furosemide is approximately 2 hours. significantly more furosemide is excreted in urine following the iv injection than after the tablet or oral solution. there are no significant differences between the two oral formulations in the amount of unchanged drug excreted in urine. geriatric population furosemide binding to albumin may be reduced in elderly patients. furosemide is predominantly excreted unchanged in the urine. the renal clearance of furosemide after intravenous administration in older healthy male subjects (60-70 years of age) is statistically significantly smaller than in younger healthy male subjects (20-35 years of age). the initial diuretic effect of furosemide in older subjects is decreased relative to younger subjects (see precautions:geriatric use .)
How Supplied:
How supplied furosemide tablets 20 mg are supplied as white to off-white, round, flat face beveled edge, compressed tablets, debossed "ep" and "116" on one side and plain on the other side in bottles of 1 (ndc 70529-062-01). dispense in well-closed, light-resistant containers. exposure to light might cause a slight discoloration. discolored tablets should not be dispensed. âmeets usp dissolution test 2â storage store at 20° to 25ºc (68º to 77ºf) see usp controlled room temperature protect from light. manufactured by: leading pharma, llc fairfield, nj 07004 rev. 05 12/16 distributed by it3 medical, llc 4447 n central expy ste 110-106 dallas, tx 75205 for questions or comments: info@it3-medical.com www.it3-medical.com
Information for Patients:
Information for patients patients receiving furosemide tablets should be advised that they may experience symptoms from excessive fluid and/or electrolyte losses. the postural hypotension that sometimes occurs can usually be managed by getting up slowly. potassium supplements and/or dietary measures may be needed to control or avoid hypokalemia. patients with diabetes mellitus should be told that furosemide may increase blood glucose levels and thereby affect urine glucose tests. the skin of some patients may be more sensitive to the effects of sunlight while taking furosemide. hypertensive patients should avoid medications that may increase blood pressure, including over-the-counter products for appetite suppression and cold symptoms.
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Packaging furosmide