Product Elements:
Hydrocortisone hydrocortisone hydrocortisone hydrocortisone mineral oil petrolatum structural formula
Indications and Usage:
Indications and usage: topical corticosteroids are indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
General Precautions:
General: systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis suppression, manifestations of cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria in some patients. conditions which augment systemic absorption include the application of the more potent steroids, use over large surface areas, prolonged use, and the addition of occlusive dressings. therefore, patients receiving a large dose of a potent topical steroid applied to a large surface area or under an occlusive dressing should be evaluated periodically for evidence of hpa axis suppression by using the urinary free cortisol and acth stimulation tests. if hpa axis suppression is noted, an attempt should be made to withdraw the drug, to reduce the frequency of application, or to substitute a less potent steroid. recovery of hpa axis function is generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of the drug. infrequently, signs and symptoms of steroid withdrawal may occur, req
Read more...uiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids. children may absorb proportionally larger amounts of topical corticosteroids and thus be more susceptible to systemic toxicity (see precautions-pediatric use ). if irritation develops, topical corticosteroids should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. in the presence of dermatological infections, the use of an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be instituted. if a favorable response does not occur promptly, the corticosteroid should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled.
Dosage and Administration:
Dosage and administration: apply to the affected area as a thin film 2 to 4 times daily depending on the severity of the condition. occlusive dressings may be used for the management of psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions. if an infection develops, the use of occlusive dressings should be discontinued and appropriate antimicrobial therapy instituted.
Contraindications:
Contraindications: topical corticosteroids are contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the components of the preparation.
Adverse Reactions:
Adverse reactions: the following local adverse reactions are reported infrequently with topical corticosteroids, but may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings. these reactions are listed in an approximate decreasing order of occurrence: burning, itching, irritation, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae and miliaria.
Use in Pregnancy:
Pregnancy: teratogenic effects â pregnancy category c . corticosteroids are generally teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. the more potent corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals. there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women on teratogenic effects from topically applied corticosteroids. therefore, topical corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. drugs of this class should not be used extensively on pregnant patients, in large amounts, or for prolonged periods of time.
Pediatric Use:
Pediatric use: pediatric patients may demonstrate greater susceptibility to topical corticosteroid-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis suppression and cushing's syndrome than mature patients because of a larger skin surface area to body weight ratio. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis suppression, cushing's syndrome, and intracranial hypertension have been reported in pediatric patients receiving topical corticosteroids. manifestations of adrenal suppression in pediatric patients include linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, low plasma cortisol levels, and absence of response to acth stimulation. manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema. administration of topical corticosteroids to pediatric patients should be limited to the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen. chronic corticosteroid therapy may interfere with the growth and development of pediatric patients.
Overdosage:
Overdosage: topically applied corticosteroids can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects (see precaution ).
Description:
Description: the topical corticosteroids constitute a class of primarily synthetic steroids used as anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic agents. hydrocortisone cream usp, 2.5% and hydrocortisone ointment usp, 2.5% contain hydrocortisone, usp. hydrocortisone, usp is a white to practically white crystalline powder. chemically, hydrocortisone is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,17, 21-trihydroxy-, (11β)-. the structural formula of hydrocortisone is: each gram of the 2.5% cream contains 25 mg of hydrocortisone, usp in a base of glyceryl monostearate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, glycerin, paraffin, stearyl alcohol, isopropyl palmitate, sorbitan monostearate, benzyl alcohol, potassium sorbate, lactic acid and purified water. each gram of the 2.5% ointment contains 25 mg of hydrocortisone, usp in a base of white petrolatum and mineral oil.
Clinical Pharmacology:
Clinical pharmacology: topical corticosteroids share anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and vasoconstrictive actions. the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of the topical corticosteroids is unclear. various laboratory methods, including vasoconstrictor assays, are used to compare and predict potencies and/or clinical efficacies of the topical corticosteroids. there is some evidence to suggest that a recognizable correlation exists between vasoconstrictor potency and therapeutic efficacy in man. pharmacokinetics : the extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors including the vehicle, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and the use of occlusive dressings. topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption. occlusive dressings substantially increase the percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids. thus, occlusive dressings may
Read more... be a valuable therapeutic adjunct for treatment of resistant dermatoses (see dosage and administration ). once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. corticosteroids are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees. corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.
Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility:
Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and impairment of fertility: long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential or the effect on fertility of topical corticosteroids. studies to determine mutagenicity with prednisolone and hydrocortisone have revealed negative results.
How Supplied:
How supplied: hydrocortisone ointment usp, 2.5% a white ointment is available as follows: ndc: 63629-8817-1 28.35 g (1 oz) tubes store at controlled room temperature 15° to 30°c (59° to 86°f).
Information for Patients:
Information for the patient: patients using topical corticosteroids should receive the following information and instructions: 1. this medication is to be used as directed by the physician. it is for external use only. avoid contact with the eyes. 2. patients should be advised not to use this medication for any disorder other than for which it was prescribed. 3. the treated skin area should not be bandaged or otherwise covered or wrapped so as to be occlusive unless directed by the physician. 4. patients should report any signs of local adverse reactions especially under occlusive dressing. 5. parents of pediatric patients should be advised not to use tight-fitting diapers or plastic pants on a child being treated in the diaper area, as these garments may constitute occlusive dressings.
Package Label Principal Display Panel:
Hydrocortisone 2.5% ointment #28.35 label