ased the mean c max and auc of orally administered azelastine hydrochloride (4 mg twice daily) by approximately 65% [ see clinical pharmacology (12.3) ].

dditional reductions in alertness and additional impairment of central nervous system performance may occur [ see drug interactions (7.1) ].

spray, 0.15%, 1 or 2 sprays per nostril twice daily. azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% may also be administered as 2 sprays per nostril once daily. 2.2 perennial allergic rhinitis children 6 to 11 years of age: azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15%, 1 spray per nostril twice daily. adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older: azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15%, 2 sprays per nostril twice daily. 2.3 important administration instructions administer azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% by the intranasal route only. priming: prime azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% before initial use by releasing 6 sprays or until a fine mist appears. when azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% has not been used for 3 or more days, reprime with 2 sprays or until a fine mist appears. avoid spraying azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% into the eyes.

ted with either azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1%, azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% or placebo, one spray per nostril twice daily. overall, adverse events were similar in the azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% group (24%), azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% group (26%) and the placebo group (24%). overall, less than 1% of the combined azelastine hcl nasal spray groups discontinued due to adverse events. table 2 contains adverse reactions reported with frequencies greater than or equal to 2% and more frequently than placebo in children 6 to 11 years of age treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% or azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in the controlled trial described above. table 2. adverse reactions reported in ≥2% incidence in a placebo-controlled trial of 4 weeks’ duration with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% or azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in children 6 to 11 years of age with perennial allergic rhinitis 1 spray twice daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% (n=166) azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% (n=161) vehicle placebo (n=162) epistaxis 8 (5%) 7 (4%) 5 (3%) nasal discomfort 1 (<1%) 7 (4%) 0 (0%) dysgeusia 4 (2%) 6 (4%) 1 (<1%) upper respiratory infection 4 (2%) 4 (3%) 3 (2%) sneezing 3 (2%) 4 (3%) 2 (1%) children 6 months to 5 years in a 4 week clinical trial, 191 patients ages 6 months to 5 years with either seasonal and/or perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with either azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% or azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% one spray per nostril twice daily. the most frequently (≥2%) reported adverse reactions were pyrexia, cough, epistaxis, sneezing, dysgeusia, rhinalgia, upper respiratory infection, vomiting, otitis media, contact dermatitis, and oropharyngeal pain. overall, adverse events were slightly higher in the azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% group (28%) compared to azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% group (21%). focused nasal examinations were performed and showed no incidence of nasal mucosal ulceration at any time point during the study. no patients had reports of nasal septal perforation. overall, less than 3% of the combined azelastine hcl nasal spray groups discontinued due to adverse events. azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% the safety data described below reflect exposure to azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in 2114 patients (6 months of age and older) with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis from 10 clinical trials of 2 weeks to 12 months duration. in 8 double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of 2 to 4 weeks duration, 1703 patients (646 males and 1059 females) with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% one or two sprays per nostril once or twice daily. in the 12 month open-label, active-controlled clinical trial, 466 patients (156 males and 310 females) with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% two sprays per nostril twice daily. of these 466 patients, 152 had participated in the 4-week placebo-controlled perennial allergic rhinitis clinical trials. in a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 161 patients (87 males and 74 females) ages 6 to 11 years of age with perennial allergic rhinitis, with or without concomitant seasonal allergic rhinitis, were treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% one spray per nostril twice daily. in a 4-week clinical trial, 95 patients (59 males and 36 females) ages 6 months to 5 years of age with seasonal and/or perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% one spray per nostril twice daily. the racial distribution for the 10 clinical trials was 79% white, 14% black, 2% asian, and 5% other. adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older in the 7 placebo controlled clinical trials of 2 to 4 week duration, 2343 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and 540 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with two sprays per nostril of either azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% or placebo once or twice daily. overall, adverse reactions were more common in the azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% treatment groups (16-31%) than in the placebo groups (11-24%). overall, less than 2% of patients discontinued due to adverse reactions and withdrawal due to adverse reactions was similar among the treatment groups. table 3 contains adverse reactions reported with frequencies greater than or equal to 2% and more frequently than placebo in patients treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in the seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis controlled clinical trials. table 3. adverse reactions with ≥ 2% incidence in placebo-controlled trials of 2 to 4 weeks’ duration with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in adult and adolescent patients with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis 2 sprays twice daily 2 sprays once daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% (n=523) vehicle placebo (n=523) azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% (n=1021) vehicle placebo (n=816) bitter taste 31 (6%) 5 (1%) 38 (4%) 2 (<1%) nasal discomfort 18 (3%) 12 (2%) 37 (4%) 7 (1%) epistaxis 5 (1%) 7 (1%) 21 (2%) 14 (2%) sneezing 9 (2%) 1 (<1%) 14 (1%) 0 (0%) in the above trials, somnolence was reported in <1% of patients treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% (11 of 1544) or vehicle placebo (1 of 1339). long-term (12 month) safety trial: in the 12 month, open-label, active-controlled, long-term safety trial, 466 patients (12 years of age and older) with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% two sprays per nostril twice daily and 237 patients were treated with mometasone nasal spray two sprays per nostril once daily. the most frequently reported adverse reactions (>5%) with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% were bitter taste, headache, sinusitis, and epistaxis. focused nasal examinations were performed and no nasal ulcerations or septal perforations were observed. in each treatment group, approximately 3% of patients had mild epistaxis. no patients had reports of severe epistaxis. fifty-four patients (12%) treated with azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% and 17 patients (7%) treated with mometasone nasal spray discontinued from the trial due to adverse events. 6.2 postmarketing experience during the post approval use of azelastine hcl nasal spray, the following adverse reactions have been identified. because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. adverse reactions reported include: abdominal pain, atrial fibrillation, blurred vision, chest pain, confusion, disturbance or loss of sense of smell and/or taste, dizziness, dyspnea, facial swelling, hypertension, involuntary muscle contractions, nasal burning, nausea, nervousness, palpitations, paresthesia, parosmia, pruritus, rash, sneezing, insomnia, sweet taste, tachycardia, and throat irritation. additionally, the following adverse reactions have been identified during the post approval use of the azelastine hcl nasal spray without sweetener brand of azelastine hydrochloride 0.1% nasal spray (total daily dose 0.55 mg to 1.1 mg). because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. adverse reactions reported include the following: anaphylactoid reaction, application site irritation, facial edema, paroxysmal sneezing, tolerance, urinary retention, and xerophthalmia.

ased the mean c max and auc of orally administered azelastine hydrochloride (4 mg twice daily) by approximately 65% [ see clinical pharmacology (12.3) ].

iage for the indicated populations is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. data animal data in an embryo-fetal development study in mice dosed during the period of organogenesis, azelastine hydrochloride caused embryo-fetal death, structural abnormalities (cleft palate; short or absent tail; fused, absent or branched ribs), delayed ossification, and decreased fetal weight at approximately 200 times the maximum recommended human daily intranasal dose (mrhdid) in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 68.6 mg/kg/day), which also caused maternal toxicity as evidenced by decreased maternal body weight. neither fetal nor maternal effects occurred in mice at approximately 9 times the mrhdid in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 3 mg/kg/day). in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 to 17, azelastine hydrochloride caused structural abnormalities (oligo-and brachydactylia), delayed ossification, and skeletal variations, in the absence of maternal toxicity, at approximately 180 times the mrhdid in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 30 mg/kg/day). azelastine hydrochloride caused embryo-fetal death and decreased fetal weight and severe maternal toxicity at approximately 410 times the mrhdid (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 68.6 mg/kg/day). neither fetal nor maternal effects occurred at approximately 10 times the mrhdid (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 2 mg/kg/day). in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 18, azelastine hydrochloride caused abortion, delayed ossification and decreased fetal weight and severe maternal toxicity at approximately 360 times the mrhdid in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 30 mg/kg/day). neither fetal nor maternal effects occurred at approximately 4 times the mrhdid (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day). in a prenatal and postnatal development study in pregnant rats dosed from late in the gestation period and through the lactation period from gestation day 17 through lactation day 21, azelastine hydrochloride produced no adverse developmental effects on pups at maternal doses up to approximately 180 times the mrhdid (on mg/m 2 basis at a maternal dose of 30 mg/kg/day.) 8.2 lactation risk summary there are no data on the presence of azelastine hydrochloride in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production following use of azelastine hydrochloride. because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% is administered to a nursing woman. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% or from the underlying maternal condition. 8.4 pediatric use the safety and effectiveness of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% have been established for seasonal allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age and perennial allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age [ see clinical studies (14) ]. the safety and effectiveness of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in pediatric patients below 6 years of age have not been established. 8.5 geriatric use clinical trials of azelastine hcl nasal spray did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. in general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ions is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. data animal data in an embryo-fetal development study in mice dosed during the period of organogenesis, azelastine hydrochloride caused embryo-fetal death, structural abnormalities (cleft palate; short or absent tail; fused, absent or branched ribs), delayed ossification, and decreased fetal weight at approximately 200 times the maximum recommended human daily intranasal dose (mrhdid) in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 68.6 mg/kg/day), which also caused maternal toxicity as evidenced by decreased maternal body weight. neither fetal nor maternal effects occurred in mice at approximately 9 times the mrhdid in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 3 mg/kg/day). in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 to 17, azelastine hydrochloride caused structural abnormalities (oligo-and brachydactylia), delayed ossification, and skeletal variations, in the absence of maternal toxicity, at approximately 180 times the mrhdid in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 30 mg/kg/day). azelastine hydrochloride caused embryo-fetal death and decreased fetal weight and severe maternal toxicity at approximately 410 times the mrhdid (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 68.6 mg/kg/day). neither fetal nor maternal effects occurred at approximately 10 times the mrhdid (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 2 mg/kg/day). in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 18, azelastine hydrochloride caused abortion, delayed ossification and decreased fetal weight and severe maternal toxicity at approximately 360 times the mrhdid in adults (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 30 mg/kg/day). neither fetal nor maternal effects occurred at approximately 4 times the mrhdid (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day). in a prenatal and postnatal development study in pregnant rats dosed from late in the gestation period and through the lactation period from gestation day 17 through lactation day 21, azelastine hydrochloride produced no adverse developmental effects on pups at maternal doses up to approximately 180 times the mrhdid (on mg/m 2 basis at a maternal dose of 30 mg/kg/day.)

tion effects of concomitantly administered oral azelastine hydrochloride and erythromycin or ketoconazole were conducted. oral erythromycin had no effect on azelastine pharmacokinetics or qtc based on analysis of serial electrocardiograms. ketoconazole interfered with the measurement of azelastine plasma levels; however, no effects on qtc were observed [ see drug interactions (7.2) ]. 12.3 pharmacokinetics absorption: after intranasal administration of 2 sprays per nostril (822 mcg total dose) of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15%, the mean azelastine peak plasma concentration (c max ) is 409 pg/ml, the mean extent of systemic exposure (auc) is 9312 pg•hr/ml and the median time to reach c max (t max ) is 4 hours. the systemic bioavailability of azelastine hydrochloride is approximately 40% after intranasal administration. distribution: based on intravenous and oral administration, the steady-state volume of distribution of azelastine is 14.5 l/kg. in vitro studies with human plasma indicate that the plasma protein binding of azelastine and its metabolite, desmethylazelastine, are approximately 88% and 97%, respectively. metabolism: azelastine is oxidatively metabolized to the principal active metabolite, desmethylazelastine, by the cytochrome p450 enzyme system. the specific p450 isoforms responsible for the biotransformation of azelastine have not been identified. after a single-dose, intranasal administration of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% (822 mcg total dose), the mean desmethylazelastine c max is 38 pg/ml, the auc is 3824 pg•hr/ml and the median t max is 24 hours. after intranasal dosing of azelastine to steady-state, plasma concentrations of desmethylazelastine range from 20-50% of azelastine concentrations. elimination: following intranasal administration of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15%, the elimination half-life of azelastine is 25 hours while that of desmethylazelastine is 57 hours. approximately 75% of an oral dose of radiolabeled azelastine hydrochloride was excreted in the feces with less than 10% as unchanged azelastine. special populations: hepatic impairment: following oral administration, pharmacokinetic parameters were not influenced by hepatic impairment. renal impairment: based on oral, single-dose studies, renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <50 ml/min) resulted in a 70-75% higher c max and auc compared to healthy subjects. time to maximum concentration was unchanged. age: following oral administration, pharmacokinetic parameters were not influenced by age. gender: following oral administration, pharmacokinetic parameters were not influenced by gender. race: the effect of race has not been evaluated. drug-drug interactions: erythromycin: co-administration of orally administered azelastine (4 mg twice daily) with erythromycin (500 mg three times daily for 7 days) resulted in c max of 5.36 ± 2.6 ng/ml and auc of 49.7 ± 24 ng•h/ml for azelastine, whereas, administration of azelastine alone resulted in c max of 5.57 ± 2.7 ng/ml and auc of 48.4 ± 24 ng•h/ml for azelastine [ see drug interactions (7.2) ]. cimetidine and ranitidine: in a multiple-dose, steady-state drug interaction trial in healthy subjects, cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) increased orally administered mean azelastine (4 mg twice daily) concentrations by approximately 65%. co-administration of orally administered azelastine (4 mg twice daily) with ranitidine hydrochloride (150 mg twice daily) resulted in c max of 8.89 ±3.28 ng/ml and auc of 88.22 ± 40.43 ng•h/ml for azelastine, whereas, administration of azelastine alone resulted in c max of 7.83 ± 4.06 ng/ml and auc of 80.09 ± 43.55 ng•h/ml for azelastine [ see drug interactions (7.3) ]. theophylline: no significant pharmacokinetic interaction was observed with the co-administration of an oral 4 mg dose of azelastine hydrochloride twice daily and theophylline 300 mg or 400 mg twice daily.

ed. after a single-dose, intranasal administration of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% (822 mcg total dose), the mean desmethylazelastine c max is 38 pg/ml, the auc is 3824 pg•hr/ml and the median t max is 24 hours. after intranasal dosing of azelastine to steady-state, plasma concentrations of desmethylazelastine range from 20-50% of azelastine concentrations. elimination: following intranasal administration of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15%, the elimination half-life of azelastine is 25 hours while that of desmethylazelastine is 57 hours. approximately 75% of an oral dose of radiolabeled azelastine hydrochloride was excreted in the feces with less than 10% as unchanged azelastine. special populations: hepatic impairment: following oral administration, pharmacokinetic parameters were not influenced by hepatic impairment. renal impairment: based on oral, single-dose studies, renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <50 ml/min) resulted in a 70-75% higher c max and auc compared to healthy subjects. time to maximum concentration was unchanged. age: following oral administration, pharmacokinetic parameters were not influenced by age. gender: following oral administration, pharmacokinetic parameters were not influenced by gender. race: the effect of race has not been evaluated. drug-drug interactions: erythromycin: co-administration of orally administered azelastine (4 mg twice daily) with erythromycin (500 mg three times daily for 7 days) resulted in c max of 5.36 ± 2.6 ng/ml and auc of 49.7 ± 24 ng•h/ml for azelastine, whereas, administration of azelastine alone resulted in c max of 5.57 ± 2.7 ng/ml and auc of 48.4 ± 24 ng•h/ml for azelastine [ see drug interactions (7.2) ]. cimetidine and ranitidine: in a multiple-dose, steady-state drug interaction trial in healthy subjects, cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) increased orally administered mean azelastine (4 mg twice daily) concentrations by approximately 65%. co-administration of orally administered azelastine (4 mg twice daily) with ranitidine hydrochloride (150 mg twice daily) resulted in c max of 8.89 ±3.28 ng/ml and auc of 88.22 ± 40.43 ng•h/ml for azelastine, whereas, administration of azelastine alone resulted in c max of 7.83 ± 4.06 ng/ml and auc of 80.09 ± 43.55 ng•h/ml for azelastine [ see drug interactions (7.3) ]. theophylline: no significant pharmacokinetic interaction was observed with the co-administration of an oral 4 mg dose of azelastine hydrochloride twice daily and theophylline 300 mg or 400 mg twice daily.

mg/kg (approximately 410 times the mrhdid on a mg/m 2 basis), the duration of estrous cycles was prolonged and copulatory activity and the number of pregnancies were decreased. the numbers of corpora lutea and implantations were decreased; however, pre-implantation loss was not increased.

times the mrhdid on a mg/m 2 basis), the duration of estrous cycles was prolonged and copulatory activity and the number of pregnancies were decreased. the numbers of corpora lutea and implantations were decreased; however, pre-implantation loss was not increased.

ne hcl nasal spray without sweetener to vehicle placebo. the other trial (trial 3) compared the efficacy of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% and azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% to vehicle placebo. in these two trials, azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% demonstrated greater decreases in rtnss than placebo and the differences were statistically significant (table 4). three 2-week seasonal allergic rhinitis trials evaluated the efficacy of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% dosed at 2 sprays once daily compared to the vehicle placebo. trial 4 demonstrated a greater decrease in rtnss than placebo and the difference was statistically significant (table 4). trial 5 and trial 6 were conducted in patients with texas mountain cedar allergy. in trial 5 and trial 6, azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% demonstrated a greater decrease in rtnss than placebo and the differences were statistically significant (trials 5 and 6; table 4). instantaneous tnss results for the once daily dosing regimen of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% are shown in table 5. in trials 5 and 6, azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% demonstrated a greater decrease in itnss than placebo and the differences were statistically significant. table 4. mean change from baseline in reflective tnss over 2 weeks* in adults and children ≥ 12 years with seasonal allergic rhinitis treatment (sprays per nostril) n baseline ls mean change from baseline difference from placebo ls mean 95% ci p value trial 2 two sprays twice daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 153 18.2 -4.3 -1.2 -2.1, -0.3 0.01 azelastine hcl nasal spray without sweetener 153 17.9 -3.9 -0.9 -1.8, 0.1 0.07 vehicle placebo 153 18.1 -3.0 trial 3 two sprays twice daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 177 17.7 -5.1 -3.0 -3.9, -2.1 <0.001 azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% 169 18.2 -4.2 -2.1 -3.0, -1.2 <0.001 vehicle placebo 177 17.7 -2.1 trial 4 two sprays once daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 238 17.4 -3.4 -1.0 -1.7, -0.3 0.008 vehicle placebo 242 17.4 -2.4 trial 5 two sprays once daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 266 18.5 -3.3 -1.4 -2.1, -0.8 <0.001 vehicle placebo 266 18.0 -1.9 trial 6 two sprays once daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 251 18.5 -3.4 -1.4 -2.1, -0.7 <0.001 vehicle placebo 254 18.8 -2.0 *sum of am and pm rtnss for each day (maximum score=24) and averaged over the 14 day treatment period table 5. mean change from baseline am instantaneous tnss over 2 weeks* in adults and children ≥ 12 years with seasonal allergic rhinitis treatment (sprays per nostril once daily) n baseline ls mean change from baseline difference from placebo ls mean 95% ci p value trial 4 two sprays once daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 238 8.1 -1.3 -0.2 -0.6, 0.1 0.15 vehicle placebo 242 8.3 -1.1 trial 5 two sprays once daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 266 8.7 -1.4 -0.7 -1.0, -0.4 <0.001 vehicle placebo 266 8.3 -0.7 trial 6 two sprays once daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 251 8.9 -1.4 -0.6 -0.9, -0.3 <0.001 vehicle placebo 254 8.9 -0.8 *am itnss for each day (maximum score=12) and averaged over the 14 day treatment period azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% at a dose of 1 spray twice daily was not studied. the azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 1 spray twice daily dosing regimen is supported by previous findings of efficacy for azelastine hcl nasal spray without sweetener and a favorable comparison of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% to azelastine hcl nasal spray without sweetener and azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% (table 4). the efficacy and safety of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in children 6 to 11 years of age with seasonal allergic rhinitis was evaluated in a clinical study that enrolled pediatric patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, with or without concomitant seasonal allergic rhinitis (described below in section 14.2). 14.2 perennial allergic rhinitis azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% the efficacy and safety of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in perennial allergic rhinitis was evaluated in one randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 578 adult and adolescent patients 12 years and older with symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. the population of the trial was 12 to 84 years of age (68% female, 32% male; 85% white, 11% black, 1% asian, 3% other; 17% hispanic, 83% non-hispanic). assessment of efficacy was based on the 12-hour reflective total nasal symptom score (rtnss) assessed daily in the morning and evening, the instantaneous total nasal symptom score (itnss), and other supportive secondary efficacy variables. the primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change from baseline rtnss over 4 weeks. the one 4-week perennial allergic rhinitis trial evaluated the efficacy of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15%, azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1%, and vehicle placebo dosed at 2 sprays per nostril twice daily. in this trial, azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% demonstrated a greater decrease in rtnss than placebo and the difference was statistically significant (table 6). table 6. mean change from baseline in reflective tnss over 4 weeks* in adults and children ≥ 12 years with perennial allergic rhinitis treatment (sprays per nostril twice daily) n baseline ls mean change from baseline difference from placebo ls mean 95% ci p value two sprays twice daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 192 15.8 -4.0 -0.9 -1.7, -0.1 0.03 azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% 194 15.5 -3.8 -0.7 -1.5, 0.1 0.08 vehicle placebo 192 14.7 -3.1 *sum of am and pm rtnss for each day (maximum score=24) and averaged over the 28 day treatment period the efficacy and safety of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% and azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in pediatric patients 6 to 11 years of age with perennial allergic rhinitis, with or without concomitant seasonal allergic rhinitis, was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 486 patients. all patients received one spray per nostril twice daily. the study population was 58% males and 42% females; 78% white, 13% black, 3% asian, and 6% other. assessment of efficacy was based on the 12-hour reflective total nasal symptom score (rtnss) assessed daily in the morning and evening. the primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change from baseline rtnss over 4 weeks (table 7). both active treatments demonstrated statistically significant decreases in rtnss compared to placebo. there was no statistically significant difference between the two active-treatment groups. there was also no difference in treatment effect between patients with perennial allergic rhinitis only compared to those with perennial allergic rhinitis and concomitant seasonal allergic rhinitis. table 7. mean change from baseline in reflective tnss over 4 weeks* in children 6 to 11 years with perennial allergic rhinitis treatment (sprays per nostril twice daily) n baseline ls mean change from baseline difference from placebo ls mean 95% ci p value one spray twice daily azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% 159 16.6 -3.5 -1.0 -1.7, -0.3 0.005 azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% 166 16.4 -3.4 -0.9 -1.6, -0.2 0.015 vehicle placebo 161 16.1 -2.5 *sum of am and pm rtnss for each day (maximum score=24) and averaged over the 28 day treatment period the efficacy of azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.1% and azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% in children 6 months to 5 years of age with allergic rhinitis was explored in a clinical study (described above in section 14.1).

be used after the expiration date “exp” printed on the medicine label and carton. storage: store upright at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°c (68° to 77°f). protect from freezing.

dysgeusia, nasal discomfort, epistaxis, headache, sneezing, fatigue, somnolence, upper respiratory infection, cough, rhinalgia, vomiting, otitis media, contact dermatitis, and oropharyngeal pain. [ see adverse reactions (6.1) ]. priming instruct patients to prime the pump before initial use and when azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% has not been used for 3 or more days [ see dosage and administration (2.3) ]. keep spray out of eyes instruct patients to avoid spraying azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% into their eyes. keep out of children’s reach instruct patients to keep azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% out of the reach of children. if a child accidentally ingests azelastine hcl nasal spray, 0.15% seek medical help or call a poison control center immediately.

upright with 2 fingers on the shoulders of the spray pump unit and put your thumb on the bottom of the bottle. press upward with your thumb and release for the pumping action. repeat this until you see a fine mist. ( see figure c ). • to get a fine mist you must pump the spray fast and use firm pressure against the bottom of the bottle. if you see a stream of liquid, the pump is not working correctly and you may have nasal discomfort. • this should happen in 6 sprays or less. now your pump is primed and ready to use. • do not use azelastine hcl nasal spray unless you see a fine mist after you do the priming sprays. if you do not see a fine mist, clean the tip of the spray nozzle. see the “cleaning the spray tip of your azelastine hcl nasal spray” section below. • if you do not use azelastine hcl nasal spray for 3 or more days, you will need to prime the pump with 2 sprays or until you see a fine mist. using your azelastine hcl nasal spray for use in young children: an adult should help a young child use azelastine hcl nasal spray. (see steps 1 through 8). step 1. blow your nose to clear your nostrils. step 2. keep your head tilted downward toward your toes. step 3. place the spray tip about ¼ inch to ½ inch into 1 nostril. hold bottle upright and aim the spray tip toward the back of your nose ( see figure d ). step 4. close your other nostril with a finger. press the pump 1 time and sniff gently at the same time, keeping your head tilted forward and down ( see figure e ). step 5. repeat step 3 and step 4 in your other nostril. step 6. if your healthcare provider tells you to use 2 sprays in each nostril, repeat steps 2 through 4 above for the second spray in each nostril. step 7. breathe in gently, and do not tilt your head back after using azelastine hcl nasal spray. this will help to keep the medicine from going into your throat. step 8. when you finish using your azelastine hcl nasal spray, wipe the spray tip with a clean tissue or cloth. put the safety clip and dust cover back on the bottle. cleaning the spray tip of your azelastine hcl nasal spray • if the spray tip opening is clogged, do not use a pin or pointed object to unclog the tip. unscrew the spray pump unit from the bottle by turning it to the left (counter-clockwise) ( see figure f ). • soak only the spray pump unit in warm water. squirt the spray unit several times while holding it under water. use the pumping action to clear the opening in the tip ( see figure g ). • let the spray pump unit air dry. make sure it is dry before you put it back onto the bottle. • put the spray pump unit back into the open bottle and tighten it by turning clockwise (to the right). • to keep the medicine from leaking out, use firm pressure when you put the pump back onto the bottle. • after cleaning, follow the instructions for priming. this patient information and instructions for use has been approved by the u.s. food and drug administration. made in israel manufactured by perrigo yeruham, israel distributed by perrigo® allegan, mi 49010 • www.perrigorx.com rev 11-20