if hypersensitivity reactions or signs of intolerance occur during administration, stop venofer immediately. monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after venofer administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of the infusion. only administer venofer when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. most reactions associated with intravenous iron preparations occur within 30 minutes of the completion of the infusion [see adverse reactions ( 6.1 and 6.2 )]. 5.2 hypotension venofer may cause clinically significant hypotension. monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension following each administration of venofer. hypotension following administration of venofer may be related to the rate of administration and/or total dose administered [see dosage and administration ( 2 ), warnings and precautions ( 5.1 ), and adverse reactions ( 6.2 )]. 5.3 iron overload excessive therapy with parenteral iron can lead to excess storage of iron with the possibility of iatrogenic hemosiderosis. all adult and pediatric patients receiving venofer require periodic monitoring of hematologic and iron parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation). do not administer venofer to patients with evidence of iron overload. transferrin saturation (tsat) values increase rapidly after intravenous administration of iron sucrose; do not perform serum iron measurements for at least 48 hours after intravenous dosing [see dosage and administration ( 2 ) and overdosage ( 10 )].

diluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion of 100 mg diluted in a maximum of 100 ml of 0.9% nacl over a period of at least 15 minutes, per consecutive hemodialysis session [see how supplied/storage and handling ( 16.2 )]. administer venofer early during the dialysis session (generally within the first hour). the usual total treatment course of venofer is 1000 mg. venofer treatment may be repeated if iron deficiency reoccurs. 2.3 adult patients with non-dialysis dependent-chronic kidney disease (ndd-ckd) administer venofer 200 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion of 200 mg in a maximum of 100 ml of 0.9% nacl over a period of 15 minutes. administer on 5 different occasions over a 14 day period. there is limited experience with administration of an infusion of 500 mg of venofer, diluted in a maximum of 250 ml of 0.9% nacl, over a period of 3.5 to 4 hours on day 1 and day 14 [see how supplied/storage and handling ( 16.2 )]. venofer treatment may be repeated if iron deficiency reoccurs. 2.4 adult patients with peritoneal dialysis dependent-chronic kidney disease (pdd-ckd) administer venofer in 3 divided doses, given by slow intravenous infusion, within a 28 day period: 2 infusions each of 300 mg over 1.5 hours 14 days apart followed by one 400 mg infusion over 2.5 hours 14 days later. dilute venofer in a maximum of 250 ml of 0.9% nacl [see how supplied/storage and handling ( 16.2 )]. venofer treatment may be repeated if iron deficiency reoccurs. 2.5 pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) with hdd-ckd for iron maintenance treatment for iron maintenance treatment: administer venofer at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every two weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 0.9% nacl at a concentration of 1 to 2 mg/ml and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/ml [see how supplied/storage and handling ( 16.2 )]. venofer treatment may be repeated if necessary. the dosing for iron replacement treatment in pediatric patients with hdd-ckd has not been established. 2.6 pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) with ndd-ckd or pdd-ckd who are on erythropoietin therapy for iron maintenance treatment for iron maintenance treatment: administer venofer at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every four weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 0.9% nacl at a concentration of 1 to 2 mg/ml and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/ml [see how supplied/storage and handling ( 16.2 )]. venofer treatment may be repeated if necessary. the dosing for iron replacement treatment in pediatric patients with ndd-ckd or pdd-ckd has not been established.

clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice. adverse reactions in adult patients with ckd the frequency of adverse reactions associated with the use of venofer has been documented in six clinical trials involving 231 patients with hdd-ckd, 139 patients with ndd-ckd and 75 patients with pdd-ckd. adverse reactions reported by ≥ 2% of treated patients in the six clinical trials for which the rate for venofer exceeds the rate for comparator are listed by indication in table 1. patients with hdd-ckd received 100 mg doses at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions until a cumulative dose of 1000 mg was administered. patients with ndd-ckd received either 5 doses of 200 mg over 2 weeks or 2 doses of 500 mg separated by fourteen days, and patients with pdd-ckd received 2 doses of 300 mg followed by a dose of 400 mg over a period of 4 weeks. table 1. adverse reactions reported in ≥ 2% of study populations and for which the rate for venofer exceeds the rate for comparator * epo=erythropoietin body system/adverse reactions hdd-ckd ndd-ckd pdd-ckd venofer venofer oral iron venofer epo* only (n=231) (n=139) (n=139) (n=75) (n=46) % % % % % subjects with any adverse reaction 78.8 76.3 73.4 72.0 65.2 ear and labyrinth disorders ear pain 0 2.2 0.7 0 0 eye disorders conjunctivitis 0.4 0 0 2.7 0 gastrointestinal disorders abdominal pain 3.5 1.4 2.9 4.0 6.5 diarrhea 5.2 7.2 10.1 8.0 4.3 dysgeusia 0.9 7.9 0 0 0 nausea 14.7 8.6 12.2 5.3 4.3 vomiting 9.1 5.0 8.6 8.0 2.2 general disorders and administration site conditions asthenia 2.2 0.7 2.2 2.7 0 chest pain 6.1 1.4 0 2.7 0 feeling abnormal 3.0 0 0 0 0 infusion site pain or burning 0 5.8 0 0 0 injection site extravasation 0 2.2 0 0 0 peripheral edema 2.6 7.2 5.0 5.3 10.9 pyrexia 3.0 0.7 0.7 1.3 0 infections and infestations nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infections, pharyngitis 2.6 2.2 4.3 16.0 4.3 injury, poisoning and procedural complications graft complication 9.5 1.4 0 0 0 metabolism and nutrition disorders fluid overload 3.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 0 gout 0 2.9 1.4 0 0 hyperglycemia 0 2.9 0 0 2.2 hypoglycemia 0.4 0.7 0.7 4.0 0 musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders arthralgia 3.5 1.4 2.2 4.0 4.3 back pain 2.2 2.2 3.6 1.3 4.3 muscle cramp 29.4 0.7 0.7 2.7 0 myalgia 0 3.6 0 1.3 0 pain in extremity 5.6 4.3 0 2.7 6.5 nervous system disorders dizziness 6.5 6.5 1.4 1.3 4.3 headache 12.6 2.9 0.7 4.0 0 respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders cough 3.0 2.2 0.7 1.3 0 dyspnea 3.5 5.8 1.4 1.3 2.2 nasal congestion 0 1.4 2.2 1.3 0 skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders pruritus 3.9 2.2 4.3 2.7 0 vascular disorders hypertension 6.5 6.5 4.3 8.0 6.5 hypotension 39.4 2.2 0.7 2.7 2.2 one hundred thirty (11%) of the 1,151 patients evaluated in the 4 u.s. trials in hdd-ckd patients (studies a, b and the two post marketing studies) had prior other intravenous iron therapy and were reported to be intolerant (defined as precluding further use of that iron product). when these patients were treated with venofer there were no occurrences of adverse reactions that precluded further use of venofer [see warning and precautions ( 5 )]. adverse reactions in pediatric patients with ckd (ages 2 years and older) in a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial for iron maintenance treatment with venofer in pediatric patients with ckd on stable erythropoietin therapy [see clinical studies ( 14.7 )] , at least one adverse reaction was experienced by 57% (27/47) of the patients receiving venofer 0.5 mg/kg, 53% (25/47) of the patients receiving venofer 1 mg/kg, and 55% (26/47) of the patients receiving venofer 2 mg/kg. a total of 5 (11%) subjects in the venofer 0.5 mg/kg group, 10 (21%) patients in the venofer 1 mg/kg group, and 10 (21%) patients in the venofer 2 mg/kg group experienced at least 1 serious adverse reaction during the study. the most common adverse reactions (>2% of patients) in all patients were headache (6%), respiratory tract viral infection (4%), peritonitis (4%), vomiting (4%), pyrexia (4%), dizziness (4%), cough (4%), nausea (3%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (2%), hypotension (2%), and hypertension (2.1%). 6.2 adverse reactions from post-marketing experience the following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of venofer. because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. in the post-marketing safety studies in 1,051 treated patients with hdd-ckd, the adverse reactions reported by >1% were cardiac failure congestive, sepsis and dysgeusia. immune system disorders: anaphylactic-type reactions, angioedema psychiatric disorders: confusion nervous system disorders: convulsions, collapse, light-headedness, loss-of-consciousness cardiovascular system : bradycardia, shock, acute myocardial ischemia with or without myocardial infarction or with in-stent thrombosis in the context of a hypersensitivity reaction. respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: bronchospasm, dyspnea musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: back pain, swelling of the joints renal and urinary disorders: chromaturia general disorders and administration site conditions: hyperhidrosis symptoms associated with venofer total dosage or infusing too rapidly included hypotension, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, joint aches, paresthesia, abdominal and muscle pain, edema, and cardiovascular collapse. these adverse reactions have occurred up to 30 minutes after the administration of venofer injection. reactions have occurred following the first dose or subsequent doses of venofer. symptoms may respond to intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, and/or antihistamines. slowing the infusion rate may alleviate symptoms. injection site discoloration has been reported following extravasation. assure stable intravenous access to avoid extravasation.

ur regardless of the health of the mother or the use of medications. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically-recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy should be treated. untreated ida in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcomes such as post-partum anemia. adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with ida include increased risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight. fetal/neonatal adverse reactions severe adverse reactions including circulatory failure (severe hypotension, shock including in the context of anaphylactic reaction) may occur in pregnant women with parenteral iron products (such as venofer) which may cause fetal bradycardia, especially during the second and third trimester. data human data published data from randomized controlled studies and prospective observational studies on the use of venofer in pregnant women have not reported an association of venofer and adverse developmental outcomes. however, these studies did not include women exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy and were not designed to assess the risk of major birth defects. maternal adverse events reported in these studies are similar to those reported during clinical trials in adult males and non-pregnant females [see adverse reactions (6.1)] . animal data iron sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at elemental iron doses up to 13 mg/kg/day (0.25 times or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus. 8.2 lactation risk summary iron sucrose is present in human milk, and available published reports following exposure to 100-300 mg intravenous iron sucrose have not reported adverse reactions in breastfed infants (see data) . there are no data on the effects on milk production. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered, along with the mother’s clinical need for venofer and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from venofer or from the underlying maternal condition. data a published study showed no difference in iron concentration in the colostrum of 10 iron deficient breastfeeding women who were 2 to 3 days postpartum and received a single dose of 100 mg of intravenous iron sucrose compared to 5 breastfeeding women who received no iron. these results may underestimate the amount of iron in breastmilk following the standard dose of venofer. a published report of 78 breastfeeding women who received 300 mg of intravenous iron sucrose over 3 days (infant age not reported) did not report on the safety of iron sucrose in breastfed infants; however adverse reactions in breastfed infants were not reported. clinical considerations monitor breastfed infants for gastrointestinal toxicity (constipation, diarrhea). 8.4 pediatric use safety and effectiveness of venofer for iron replacement treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent ckd have not been established. safety and effectiveness of venofer for iron maintenance treatment in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent ckd receiving erythropoietin therapy were studied. venofer at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg was administered. all three doses maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dl and 14.0 g/dl in about 50% of subjects over the 12-week treatment period with stable epo dosing [see clinical studies ( 14.7 )]. venofer has not been studied in patients younger than 2 years of age. in a country where venofer is available for use in children, at a single site, five premature infants (weight less than 1,250 g) developed necrotizing enterocolitis and two of the five died during or following a period when they received venofer, several other medications and erythropoietin. necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. no causal relationship to venofer or any other drugs could be established. 8.5 geriatric use of the 1,051 patients in two post-marketing safety studies of venofer, 40% were 65 years and older. no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. in general, dose administration to an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

the mother or the use of medications. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically-recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy should be treated. untreated ida in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcomes such as post-partum anemia. adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with ida include increased risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight. fetal/neonatal adverse reactions severe adverse reactions including circulatory failure (severe hypotension, shock including in the context of anaphylactic reaction) may occur in pregnant women with parenteral iron products (such as venofer) which may cause fetal bradycardia, especially during the second and third trimester. data human data published data from randomized controlled studies and prospective observational studies on the use of venofer in pregnant women have not reported an association of venofer and adverse developmental outcomes. however, these studies did not include women exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy and were not designed to assess the risk of major birth defects. maternal adverse events reported in these studies are similar to those reported during clinical trials in adult males and non-pregnant females [see adverse reactions (6.1)] . animal data iron sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at elemental iron doses up to 13 mg/kg/day (0.25 times or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus.

and erythropoietin. necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. no causal relationship to venofer or any other drugs could be established.

iron component exhibited first order kinetics with an elimination half-life of 6 h, total clearance of 1.2 l/h, and steady state apparent volume of distribution of 7.9 l. the iron component appeared to distribute mainly in blood and to some extent in extravascular fluid. a study evaluating venofer containing 100 mg of iron labeled with 52 fe/ 59 fe in patients with iron deficiency showed that a significant amount of the administered iron is distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow and that the bone marrow is an irreversible iron trapping compartment. following intravenous administration of venofer, iron sucrose is dissociated into iron and sucrose. the sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. in a study evaluating a single intravenous dose of venofer containing 1,510 mg of sucrose and 100 mg of iron in 12 healthy adults (9 female, 3 male: age range 32 to 52), 68.3% of the sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. some iron was also eliminated in the urine. neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. in this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of iron sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of iron in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the iron was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. the effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of venofer have not been studied. pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients in a single-dose pk study of venofer, patients with ndd-ckd ages 12 to 16 (n=11) received intravenous bolus doses of venofer at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. following a single dose of venofer, the half-life of total serum iron was 8 hours. the mean cmax and auc values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr•μg/dl, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult cmax and auc values. venofer is not dialyzable through ca210 (baxter) high efficiency or fresenius f80a high flux dialysis membranes. in in vitro studies, the amount of iron sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).

sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. some iron was also eliminated in the urine. neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. in this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of iron sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of iron in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the iron was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. the effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of venofer have not been studied. pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients in a single-dose pk study of venofer, patients with ndd-ckd ages 12 to 16 (n=11) received intravenous bolus doses of venofer at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. following a single dose of venofer, the half-life of total serum iron was 8 hours. the mean cmax and auc values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr•μg/dl, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult cmax and auc values. venofer is not dialyzable through ca210 (baxter) high efficiency or fresenius f80a high flux dialysis membranes. in in vitro studies, the amount of iron sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).

were female. venofer 100 mg was administered at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions either as slow injection or a slow infusion. the historical control population consisted of 24 patients with similar ferritin levels as patients treated with venofer, who were off intravenous iron for at least 2 weeks and who had received erythropoietin therapy with hematocrit averaging 31 to 36 for at least two months prior to study entry. the mean age of patients in the historical control group was 56 years, with an age range of 29 to 80 years. patient age and serum ferritin level were similar between treatment and historical control patients. patients in the venofer treated population showed a greater increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit than did patients in the historical control population. see table 2. table 2. changes from baseline in hemoglobin and hematocrit **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared to historical control from ancova analysis with baseline hemoglobin, serum ferritin and erythropoietin dose as covariates. efficacy parameters end of treatment 2 week follow-up 5 week follow-up venofer (n=69) historical control (n=18) venofer (n=73) historical control (n=18) venofer (n=71) historical control (n=15) hemoglobin (g/dl) 1.0 ± 0.12** 0.0 ± 0.21 1.3 ± 0.14** -0.6 ± 0.24 1.2 ± 0.17* -0.1 ± 0.23 hematocrit (%) 3.1 ± 0.37** -0.3 ± 0.65 3.6 ± 0.44** -1.2 ± 0.76 3.3 ± 0.54 0.2 ± 0.86 serum ferritin increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the venofer-treated population (165.3 ± 24.2 ng/ml) compared to the historical control population (-27.6 ± 9.5 ng/ml). transferrin saturation also increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the venofer-treated population (8.8 ± 1.6%) compared to this historical control population (-5.1 ± 4.3%). 14.3 study b: hemodialysis dependent-chronic kidney disease (hdd-ckd) study b was a multicenter, open label study of venofer in 23 patients with iron deficiency and hdd-ckd who had been discontinued from iron dextran due to intolerance. eligibility criteria were otherwise identical to study a. the mean age of the patients in this study was 53 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 79 years. of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (44%) were male and 13 (56%) were female. all 23 enrolled patients were evaluated for efficacy. increases in mean hemoglobin (1.1 ± 0.2 g/dl), hematocrit (3.6 ± 0.6%), serum ferritin (266.3 ± 30.3 ng/ml) and transferrin saturation (8.7 ± 2.0%) were observed from baseline to end of treatment. 14.4 study c: hemodialysis dependent-chronic kidney disease (hdd-ckd) study c was a multicenter, open-label study in patients with hdd-ckd. this study enrolled patients with a hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dl, a serum transferrin saturation ≤ 20%, and a serum ferritin ≤ 200 ng/ml, who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 2 to 3 times weekly. the mean age of the patients enrolled in this study was 41 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. of 130 patients evaluated for efficacy in this study, 68 (52%) were male and 62 (48%) were female. forty-eight percent of the patients had previously been treated with oral iron. exclusion criteria were similar to those in studies a and b. venofer was administered in doses of 100 mg during sequential dialysis sessions until a pre-determined (calculated) total dose of iron was administered. a 50 mg dose (2.5 ml) was given to patients within two weeks of study entry as a test dose. twenty-seven patients (20%) were receiving erythropoietin treatment at study entry and they continued to receive the same erythropoietin dose for the duration of the study. the modified intention-to-treat (mitt) population consisted of 131 patients. increases from baseline in mean hemoglobin (1.7 g/dl), hematocrit (5%), serum ferritin (434.6 ng/ml), and serum transferrin saturation (14%) were observed at week 2 of the observation period and these values remained increased at week 4 of the observation period. 14.5 study d: non-dialysis dependent-chronic kidney disease (ndd-ckd) study d (nct00236977) was a randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral iron versus venofer in patients with ndd-ckd with or without erythropoietin therapy. erythropoietin therapy was stable for 8 weeks prior to randomization. in the study 188 patients with ndd-ckd, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.0 g/dl, transferrin saturation ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 300 ng/ml were randomized to receive oral iron (325 mg ferrous sulfate three times daily for 56 days); or venofer (either 200 mg over 2 to 5 minutes 5 times within 14 days or two 500 mg infusions on day 1 and day 14, administered over 3.5 to 4 hours). the mean age of the 91 treated patients in the venofer group was 61.6 years (range 25 to 86 years) and 64 years (range 21 to 86 years) for the 91 patients in the oral iron group. a statistically significantly greater proportion of venofer subjects (35/79; 44.3%) compared to oral iron subjects (23/82; 28%) had an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 1 g/dl at anytime during the study (p = 0.03). 14.6 study e: peritoneal dialysis dependent-chronic kidney disease (pdd-ckd) study e (nct00236938) was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study comparing patients with pdd-ckd receiving an erythropoietin and intravenous iron to patients with pdd-ckd receiving an erythropoietin alone without iron supplementation. patients with pdd-ckd, stable erythropoietin for 8 weeks, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.5 g/dl, tsat ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 500 ng/ml were randomized to receive either no iron or venofer (300 mg in 250 ml 0.9% nacl over 1.5 hours on day 1 and 15 and 400 mg in 250 ml 0.9% nacl over 2.5 hours on day 29). the mean age of the 75 treated patients in the venofer / erythropoietin group was 51.9 years (range 21 to 81 years) vs. 52.8 years (range 23 to 77 years) for 46 patients in the erythropoietin alone group. patients in the venofer / erythropoietin group had statistically significantly greater mean change from baseline to the highest hemoglobin value (1.3 g/dl), compared to subjects who received erythropoietin alone (0.6 g/dl) (p < 0.01). a greater proportion of subjects treated with venofer / erythropoietin (59.1 %) had an increase in hemoglobin of ≥ 1 g/dl at any time during the study compared to the subjects who received erythropoietin only (33.3%). 14.7 study f: iron maintenance treatment dosing in pediatric patients ages 2 years and older with chronic kidney disease study f (nct00239642) was a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging study for iron maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent ckd on stable erythropoietin therapy. the study randomized patients to one of three doses of venofer (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg). the mean age was 13 years (range 2 to 20 years). over 70% of patients were 12 years or older in all three groups. there were 84 males and 61 females. about 60% of patients underwent hemodialysis and 25% underwent peritoneal dialysis in all three dose groups. at baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 12 g/dl, the mean tsat was 33% and the mean ferritin was 300 ng/ml. patients with hdd-ckd received venofer once every other week for 6 doses. patients with pdd-ckd or ndd-ckd received venofer once every 4 weeks for 3 doses. among 131 evaluable patients with stable erythropoietin dosing, the proportion of patients who maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dl and 14.0 g/dl during the 12-week treatment period was 58.7%, 46.7%, and 45.0% in the venofer 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg groups, respectively. a dose-response relationship was not demonstrated.

temperature (25°c ± 2°c) and under refrigeration (4°c ± 2°c). intravenous admixture stability: venofer, when added to intravenous infusion bags (pvc or non-pvc) containing 0.9% nacl at concentrations ranging from 1 mg to 2 mg of elemental iron per ml, has been found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°c ± 2°c). do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/ml. do not mix venofer with other medications or add to parenteral nutrition solutions for intravenous infusion. parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to infusion.