Product Elements:
Potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride potassium chloride, dextrose monohydrate and sodium chloride potassium chloride potassium cation chloride ion dextrose monohydrate anhydrous dextrose sodium chloride sodium cation chloride ion water
Drug Interactions:
7 drug interactions ⢠other products that cause hyperkalemia : avoid use in patients receiving such products. if use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations. ( 7.1 ) ⢠lithium : decreased lithium concentrations with concomitant use; monitor serum lithium concentrations. ( 7.2 ) ⢠other products that affect glycemic control, vasopressin or fluid and/or electrolyte balance : monitor blood glucose concentrations, fluid balance serum electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance. ( 7.3 ) 7.1 other products that cause hyperkalemia administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients treated concurrently or recently with other products that can cause hyperkalemia or increase the risk of hyperkalemia (e.g., potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers) increases the risk of severe and potentially fatal hyperkalemia, in particular in the presence of other risk facto
Read more...rs for hyperkalemia [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. avoid use of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients receiving such products. if use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations. 7.2 lithium renal sodium and lithium clearance may be increased during administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection resulting in decreased serum lithium concentrations. monitor serum lithium concentrations during concomitant use. 7.3 other products that affect glycemic control, vasopressin or fluid and/or electrolyte balance potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection can affect glycemic control, vasopressin and fluid and/or electrolyte balance [see warnings and precautions (5.3 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.6 )]. monitor blood glucose concentrations, fluid balance, serum electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance when using potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients treated with other substances that affect glycemic control, vasopressin or fluid and/or electrolyte balance.
Indications and Usage:
1 indications and usage potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is indicated as a source of water, electrolytes and calories. potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is indicated as a source of water, electrolytes and calories. ( 1 )
Warnings and Cautions:
5 warnings and precautions ⢠hypersensitivity reactions : monitor for signs and symptoms and discontinue infusion if reactions occur. ( 5.1 ) ⢠hyperkalemia : may result in cardiac arrhythmias. avoid use in patients with, or at risk for, hyperkalemia. if use cannot be avoided, use a product with a low amount of potassium chloride, infuse slowly and monitor serum potassium concentrations and ecgs. ( 5.2 ) ⢠hyperglycemia or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state : monitor blood glucose and administer insulin as needed. ( 5.3 , 8.4 ) ⢠hyponatremia, hypernatremia and hyperchloremia : avoid in patients with or at risk for hypo-/hypernatremia. if use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations. ( 5.4 , 5.5 , 8.4 ) ⢠fluid overload : avoid in patients with or at risk for fluid and/or solute overloading. if use cannot be avoided, monitor daily fluid balance and electrolyte, concentrations and acid-base balance, as needed and especially during prolonged use. ( 5.
Read more...6 ) ⢠refeeding syndrome : monitor severely undernourished patients and slowly increase nutrient intake. ( 5.7 ) 5.1 hypersensitivity reactions hypersensitivity and infusion reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported with potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection [see adverse reactions (6) ]. stop the infusion immediately if signs or symptoms of a hypersensitivity or infusion reaction develops [see contraindications (4) ]. appropriate therapeutic countermeasures must be instituted as clinically indicated. 5.2 hyperkalemia potassium-containing solutions, including potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection may increase the risk of hyperkalemia. hyperkalemia can be asymptomatic and manifest only by increased serum potassium concentrations and/or characteristic electrocardiographic (ecg) changes. cardiac arrhythmias, some fatal, can develop at any time during hyperkalemia. to avoid life threatening hyperkalemia, do not administer potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection as an intravenous push (i.e., intravenous injection manually with a syringe connected to the intravenous access, without quantitative infusion device [see dosage and administration (2.1) ]. patients at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmias include those: ⢠with severe renal impairment, acute dehydration, extensive tissue injury or burns, and certain cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure or av block (especially if they receive digoxin). ⢠with hyperosmolality, acidosis, or undergoing correction of alkalosis (conditions associated with a shift of potassium from intracellular to extracellular space). ⢠treated concurrently or recently with agents or products that can cause or increase the risk of hyperkalemia [see drug interactions (7.1) ]. avoid use of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients with, or at risk for, hyperkalemia. if use cannot be avoided, use a product with a low amount of potassium chloride, infuse slowly and monitor serum potassium concentrations and ecgs. 5.3 hyperglycemia and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state the use of dextrose infusions in patients with impaired glucose tolerance may worsen hyperglycemia. administration of dextrose at a rate exceeding the patientâs utilization rate may lead to hyperglycemia, coma, and death. hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in serum osmolality, resulting in osmotic diuresis, dehydration and electrolyte losses [see warnings and precautions (5.6) ]. patients with underlying central nervous system disease and renal impairment who receive dextrose infusions, may be at greater risk of developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. monitor blood glucose concentrations and treat hyperglycemia to maintain concentrations within normal limits while administering potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection. insulin may be administered or adjusted to maintain optimal blood glucose concentrations. 5.4 hyponatremia potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is a hypertonic solution [see description, table 1 (11)]. in the body, however, glucose containing fluids can become extremely physiologically hypotonic due to rapid glucose metabolization. monitoring of serum sodium is particularly important for hypotonic fluids. depending on the tonicity of the solution, the volume and rate of infusion, and depending on a patientâs underlying clinical condition and capability to metabolize glucose, intravenous administration of glucose can cause electrolyte disturbances, most importantly hypo- or hyperosmotic hyponatremia. the risk for hyponatremia is increased, in pediatric patients, elderly patients, postoperative patients, those with psychogenic polydipsia and in patients treated with medications that increase the risk of hyponatremia (such as certain diuretic, antiepileptic and psychotropic medications). close clinical monitoring may be warranted. acute hyponatremia can lead to acute hyponatremic encephalopathy characterized by headache, nausea, seizures, lethargy and vomiting. patients with brain edema are at particular risk of severe, irreversible and life-threatening brain injury. patients at increased risk for developing complications of hyponatremia, such as hyponatremic encephalopathy include pediatric patients; women, in particular, premenopausal women; patients with hypoxemia; and in patients with underlying central nervous system disease [see use in specific populations (8.4 , 8.5 )]. avoid solutions with less than 0.9% sodium chloride in patients with or at risk for hyponatremia. if use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations. rapid correction of hyponatremia is potentially dangerous with risk of serious neurologic complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome with risk of seizures and cerebral edema. to avoid complications, monitor serum sodium and chloride concentrations, fluid status, acid-base balance, and signs of neurologic complications. high volume infusion must be used with close monitoring in patients with cardiac or pulmonary failure, and in patients with non-osmotic vasopressin release (including siadh), due to the risk of hospital-acquired hyponatremia. 5.5 hypernatremia and hyperchloremia electrolyte imbalances such as hypernatremia and hyperchloremia, leading to metabolic acidosis may occur with solutions containing 0.9% sodium chloride. conditions that may increase the risk of hypernatremia, fluid overload and edema (central and peripheral), include patients with pre-eclampsia, primary hyperaldosteronism and secondary hyperaldosteronism associated with, for example, hypertension, congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, liver disease (including cirrhosis), and renal disease (including renal artery stenosis, nephrosclerosis). medications such as corticosteroids or corticotropin, may increase the risk of sodium and fluid retention. avoid in patients with or at risk for hypernatremia. if use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations. rapid correction of hypernatremia is potentially dangerous with risk of serious neurologic complications. excessively rapid correction of hypernatremia is also associated with a risk for serious neurologic complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome (ods) with risk of seizures and cerebral edema. 5.6 fluid overload depending on the volume and rate of infusion, the patientâs underlying clinical condition and capability to metabolize dextrose, intravenous administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. avoid potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients with or at risk for fluid and/or solute overloading. if use cannot be avoided, monitor fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance as needed and especially during prolonged use. 5.7 refeeding syndrome refeeding severely undernourished patients may result in the refeeding syndrome that is characterized by the shift of potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium intracellularly as the patient becomes anabolic. thiamine deficiency and fluid retention may also develop. to prevent these complications, monitor severely undernourished patients and slowly increasing nutrient intake.
Dosage and Administration:
2 dosage and administration ⢠only for intravenous infusion. ( 2.1 , 5.2 ) ⢠see full prescribing information for information on preparation, administration, dosing considerations and instructions for use. ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 ) 2.1 important administration instructions ⢠potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is only for intravenous infusion [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. ⢠the osmolarity of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection, ranges from 361 to 641 mosmol/l (calc). peripheral administration is generally acceptable; however; consider central vein administration if there is peripheral vein irritation, phlebitis, and/or associated pain especially with higher potassium concentrations. ⢠do not administer potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection simultaneously with blood products through the same administration set because of the possibility of pseudoagglutination or hemolysis. ⢠to prev
Read more...ent air embolism, use a non-vented infusion set or close the vent on a vented set, avoid multiple connections, do not connect flexible containers in series, fully evacuate residual gas in the container prior to administration, do not pressurize the flexible container to increase flow rates, and if administration is controlled by a pumping device, turn off pump before the container runs dry. ⢠prior to infusion, visually inspect the solution for particulate matter. the solution should be clear and there should be no precipitates. do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. ⢠use of a final filter is recommended during administration of parenteral solutions, where possible. 2.2 recommended dosage the choice of the specific potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and dextrose concentrations, rate and volume depends on the age, weight, clinical and metabolic conditions of the patient and concomitant therapy. electrolyte supplementation may be indicated according to the clinical needs of the patient. the administration rate should be governed, especially for premature infants with low birth weight, during the first few days of therapy, by the patientâs tolerance to dextrose. increase the infusion rate gradually as indicated by frequent monitoring of blood glucose concentrations [see warnings and precautions (5.1) , use in specific populations (8.4) ]. 2.3 instructions for use to open ⢠do not remove container from overwrap until ready to use. ⢠tear overwrap down side at slit and remove solution container. ⢠visually inspect the container. some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during the sterilization process may be observed. this is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. the opacity will diminish gradually. evaluate the following: o if the outlet port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container. o check to ensure the solution is clear and there are no precipitates. discard if there is a color change and/or the appearance of precipitates, insoluble complexes or crystals. o check for minute leaks by squeezing inner bag firmly. if leaks are found, discard container. preparation for administration 1. suspend container from eyelet support. 2. remove protector from outlet port at bottom of container. 3. attach administration set. refer to complete directions accompanying set. to add medication ⢠additives may be incompatible. complete information is not available. do not use additives known or determined to be incompatible. ⢠consult with pharmacist, if available. if, in the informed judgment of the healthcare provider, it is deemed advisable to introduce additives, use aseptic technique. ⢠when introducing additives, consult the instructions for use of the medication to be added and other relevant literature. ⢠before adding a substance or medication, verify that it is soluble and/or stable in potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection and that the ph range of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is appropriate. to add medication before solution administration 1. prepare medication site. 2. using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture resealable medication port and inject. 3. mix solution and medication thoroughly. for high density medication such as potassium chloride, squeeze ports while ports are upright and mix thoroughly. 4. after addition, check to ensure the solution is clear and there are no precipitates. discard if there is a color change and/or the appearance of precipitates, insoluble complexes or crystals. to add medication during solution administration 1. close clamp on the set. 2. prepare medication site. 3. using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture resealable medication port and inject. 4. remove container from iv pole and/or turn to an upright position. 5. evacuate both ports by squeezing them while container is in the upright position. 6. mix solution and medication thoroughly. 7. after addition, check to ensure the solution is clear and there are no precipitates. discard if there is a color change and/or the appearance of precipitates, insoluble complexes or crystals, do not use. storage ⢠use promptly; do not store solutions containing additives. ⢠single-dose container. ⢠discard any unused portion.
Dosage Forms and Strength:
3 dosage forms and strengths potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection, usp are clear solutions in 500 ml and 1000 ml single-dose, flexible containers: 500 ml flexible container ⢠10 meq/500 ml potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride ⢠10 meq/500 ml potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.33% sodium chloride ⢠10 meq/500 ml potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride 1000 ml flexible container ⢠20 meq/l potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride ⢠10 meq/l potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride ⢠20 meq/l potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride ⢠30 meq/l potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride ⢠40 meq/l potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride ⢠20 meq/l potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride ⢠40 meq/l potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is available in multiple strengths. see full prescribing information for detailed description of each formulation. ( 3 )
Contraindications:
4 contraindications potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is contraindicated in patients with: ⢠known hypersensitivity to potassium chloride, dextrose and/or sodium chloride [see warnings and precautions 5.1) ] ⢠clinically significant hyperkalemia [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ] ⢠clinically significant hyperglycemia [see warnings and precautions (5.3) ] ⢠known hypersensitivity to potassium chloride, dextrose, or sodium chloride ( 4 , 5.1 ) ⢠clinically significant hyperkalemia ( 4 , 5.2 ) ⢠clinically significant hyperglycemia ( 4 , 5.3 )
Adverse Reactions:
6 adverse reactions the following adverse reactions associated with the use of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection were identified in postmarketing reports. because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. the following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: ⢠hypersensitivity reactions : anaphylaxis, rash and pruritus [see warnings and precautions (5.1) ]. ⢠metabolism and nutrition disorders : hyperkalemia [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ], hyperglycemia and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state [see warnings and precautions (5.3) ], hyponatremia and hyponatremic encephalopathy [see warnings and precautions (5.4) ], fluid overload [see warnings and precautions (5.6) ] and refeeding syndrome [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. hypernatremia and hyperchlor
Read more...emia acidosis [see warnings and precautions (5.5) ] have been observed in solutions containing 0.9% sodium chloride. ⢠cardiac disorder : cardiac arrest as a manifestation of rapid intravenous administration and/or of hyperkalemia [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. ⢠infusion site reactions : injection site vesicles, extravasation, venous thrombosis or phlebitis, infusion site pain. adverse reactions include electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycemia, and hypervolemia and injection site reactions. ( 6 ) to report suspected adverse reactions, contact baxter healthcare at 1-866-888-2472 or fda at 1-800-fda-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Drug Interactions:
7 drug interactions ⢠other products that cause hyperkalemia : avoid use in patients receiving such products. if use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations. ( 7.1 ) ⢠lithium : decreased lithium concentrations with concomitant use; monitor serum lithium concentrations. ( 7.2 ) ⢠other products that affect glycemic control, vasopressin or fluid and/or electrolyte balance : monitor blood glucose concentrations, fluid balance serum electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance. ( 7.3 ) 7.1 other products that cause hyperkalemia administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients treated concurrently or recently with other products that can cause hyperkalemia or increase the risk of hyperkalemia (e.g., potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers) increases the risk of severe and potentially fatal hyperkalemia, in particular in the presence of other risk facto
Read more...rs for hyperkalemia [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. avoid use of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients receiving such products. if use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations. 7.2 lithium renal sodium and lithium clearance may be increased during administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection resulting in decreased serum lithium concentrations. monitor serum lithium concentrations during concomitant use. 7.3 other products that affect glycemic control, vasopressin or fluid and/or electrolyte balance potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection can affect glycemic control, vasopressin and fluid and/or electrolyte balance [see warnings and precautions (5.3 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.6 )]. monitor blood glucose concentrations, fluid balance, serum electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance when using potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients treated with other substances that affect glycemic control, vasopressin or fluid and/or electrolyte balance.
Use in Specific Population:
8 use in specific populations 8.1 pregnancy risk summary appropriate administration of potassium chloride in dextrose sodium chloride injection during pregnancy is not expected to cause adverse developmental outcomes, including congenital malformations. animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium chloride in dextrose sodium chloride injection. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. 8.2 lactation risk summary sodium and potassium are present in human breast milk. there are no data on the effects of potassium chloride in sodium chloride and glucose on a breastfed infant or the effects on milk production. the developmental and health
Read more...benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the motherâs clinical need for potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection or from the underlying maternal condition. 8.4 pediatric use the safety profile of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in pediatric patients is similar to adults. neonates, especially premature infants with low birth weight, are at increased risk of developing hypo- or hyperglycemia and therefore need close monitoring during treatment with intravenous glucose solutions to ensure adequate glycemic control in order to avoid potential long term adverse effects. closely monitor plasma electrolyte concentrations in pediatric patients who may have impaired ability to regulate fluids and electrolytes. in very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection may result in increased serum osmolality and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. children (including neonates and older children) are at increased risk of developing hyponatremia as well as for developing hyponatremic encephalopathy. 8.5 geriatric use clinical studies of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. elderly patients are at increased risk of developing hyponatremia as well as for developing hyponatremic encephalopathy [see warnings and precautions (5.4) ]. potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this product may be greater in patients with impaired renal function [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. 8.6 renal impairment administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in patients with renal impairment may result in hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and/or fluid overload. monitor patients with renal impairment for development of these adverse reactions [see warnings and precautions (5.2 , 5.5 , 5.6 )].
Use in Pregnancy:
8.1 pregnancy risk summary appropriate administration of potassium chloride in dextrose sodium chloride injection during pregnancy is not expected to cause adverse developmental outcomes, including congenital malformations. animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium chloride in dextrose sodium chloride injection. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Pediatric Use:
8.4 pediatric use the safety profile of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection in pediatric patients is similar to adults. neonates, especially premature infants with low birth weight, are at increased risk of developing hypo- or hyperglycemia and therefore need close monitoring during treatment with intravenous glucose solutions to ensure adequate glycemic control in order to avoid potential long term adverse effects. closely monitor plasma electrolyte concentrations in pediatric patients who may have impaired ability to regulate fluids and electrolytes. in very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection may result in increased serum osmolality and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. children (including neonates and older children) are at increased risk of developing hyponatremia as well as for developing hyponatremic encephalopathy.
Geriatric Use:
8.5 geriatric use clinical studies of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. elderly patients are at increased risk of developing hyponatremia as well as for developing hyponatremic encephalopathy [see warnings and precautions (5.4) ]. potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this product may be greater in patients with impaired renal function [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Overdosage:
10 overdosage an increased infusion rate of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection can cause: hyperkalemia ⢠manifestations of hyperkalemia may include: o disturbances in cardiac conduction and arrhythmias, including bradycardia, heart block, asystole, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, o hypotension, o muscle weakness up to and including muscular and respiratory paralysis, paresthesia of extremities, o gastrointestinal symptoms (ileus, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) the presence of any ecg findings that are suspected to be caused by hyperkalemia should be considered a medical emergency. if hyperkalemia is present or suspected, discontinue the infusion immediately and institute close ecg, laboratory and other monitoring and, as necessary, corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium concentrations [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. other electrolyte and fluid disorders ⢠hyponatremia, manifestations may include seizures, coma, cerebral edema and death). ⢠hypernatremia, especially in patients with severe renal impairment. ⢠fluid overload (which can lead to central and/or peripheral edema). ⢠hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, and adverse effects on water and electrolyte balance, and corresponding complications, which can be fatal [see warnings and precautions (5.3 , 5.6 )]. interventions include discontinuation of the infusion, dose reduction, monitoring of fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance and institution of appropriate corrective measures such as administration of exogenous insulin.
Description:
11 description potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection, usp is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for fluid and electrolyte replenishment and caloric supply in a single dose container for intravenous administration. it contains no antimicrobial agents. composition, osmolarity, ph, ionic concentration and caloric content are shown in table 1. table 1 table 1 meq potassium/container size size (ml) composition (g/l) ph ionic concentration (meq/l) ** dextrose hydrous, usp sodium chloride, usp (nacl) potassium chloride, usp (kcl) normal physiologic osmolarity range is approximately 280 to 310 mosmol/l. osmolarity (mosmol/l) (calc.) sodium potassium chloride caloric content (kcal/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride injection, usp 20 meq/l 1000 50 2 1.5 361 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 34 20 54 170 10 meq/500 ml 500 50 2 1.5 361 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 34 20 54 170 potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.33% sodium chloride injection, usp 10 meq/500 ml 500 50 3.3 1.5 405 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 56 20 76 170 potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection, usp 10 meq/l 1000 50 4.5 0.75 426 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 77 10 87 170 20 meq/l 1000 50 4.5 1.5 447 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 77 20 97 170 10 meq/500 ml 500 50 4.5 1.5 447 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 77 20 97 170 30 meq/l 1000 50 4.5 2.24 466 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 77 30 107 170 40 meq/l 1000 50 4.5 3 487 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 77 40 117 170 potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection, usp 20 meq/l 1000 50 9 1.5 601 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 154 20 174 170 0.9% sodium chloride injection, usp 40 meq/l 1000 50 9 3 641 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) 154 40 194 170 dextrose is derived from corn. the viaflex plus plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride (pl 146 plastic). viaflex plus on the container indicates the presence of a drug additive in a drug vehicle. the viaflex plus plastic container system utilizes the same container as the viaflex plastic container system. the amount of water that can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap is insufficient to affect the solution significantly. solutions in contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (dehp), up to 5 parts per million. however, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to usp biological tests for plastic containers as well as by tissue culture toxicity studies. image of d-glucose monohydrate structural formula
Clinical Pharmacology:
12 clinical pharmacology 12.1 mechanism of action potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is a source of water, electrolytes and calories. it is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.
Mechanism of Action:
12.1 mechanism of action potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection is a source of water, electrolytes and calories. it is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.
How Supplied:
16 how supplied/storage and handling potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection, are clear solutions in 500 ml and 1000 ml single-dose, flexible containers available as follows: code size (ml) ndc meq potassium product name 2b1614 2b1613 1000 500 0338-0663-04 0338-0663-03 20 meq/l 10 meq/l potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride injection, usp 2b1473 500 0338-0603-03 10 meq/l potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.33% sodium chloride injection, usp 2b1644 1000 0338-0669-04 10 meq/l 2b1654 2b1653 2b1664 1000 500 1000 0338-0671-04 0338-0671-03 0338-0673-04 20 meq/l 10 meq/l 30 meq/l potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection, usp 2b1674 1000 0338-0675-04 40 meq/l 2b2434 1000 0338-0803-04 20 meq/l potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 2b2454 1000 0338-0807-04 40 meq 0.9% sodium chloride injection, usp storage : avoid excessive heat. store at room temperature (25°c); brief exposure up to 40°c does not adversely affect t
Read more...he product.
Information for Patients:
17 patient counseling information inform patients, caregivers or home healthcare providers of the following risks of potassium chloride in dextrose and sodium chloride injection: ⢠hypersensitivity reactions [see warnings and precautions (5.1) ] ⢠hyperkalemia [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ] ⢠hyperglycemia and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state [see warnings and precautions (5.3) ] ⢠hyponatremia [see warnings and precautions (5.4) ] ⢠hypernatremia and hyperchloremia [see warnings and precautions (5.5) ] ⢠fluid overload [see warnings and precautions (5.6) ] ⢠refeeding syndrome [see warnings and precautions (5.7) ]
Package Label Principal Display Panel:
Package/label principal display panel container label container label 2b1614 ndc 0338-0663-04 din 00503142 20 meq potassium chloride (20 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride injection usp 1000 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 200 mg sodium chloride usp 150 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 34 potassium 20 chloride 54 osmolarity 361 mosmol/l (calc) sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not administer simultaneously with blood do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 carton label carton label 2b1614x 14-1000 ml viaflex(r) plus container 20 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.2% sodium chloride inj, usp exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) yymm00 (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380663045 container label lot exp 2b1473 ndc 0338-0603-03 din 00786241 10 meq potassium chloride (20 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.33% sodium chloride injection usp 500 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 330 mg sodium chloride usp 150 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 56 potassium 20 chloride 76 hypertonic osmolarity 405 mosmol/l (calc) sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa carton label carton label 2b1473q 24-500 ml viaflex plus container 10 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.33% sodium chloride inj, usp exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) yymm00 (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380603034 container label container label lot exp 2b1644 ndc 0338-0669-04 din 00790109 10 meq potassium chloride (10 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection usp 1000 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 450 mg sodium chloride usp 75 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 77 potassium 10 chloride 87 hypertonic osmolarity 426 mosmol/l (calc) sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 carton label carton label 2b1644x 14-1000 ml viaflex(r) plus container 10 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.45% sodium chloride inj, usp exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) yymm00 (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380669047 container label container label 2b1653 ndc 0338-0671-03 din 00437999 10 meq potassium chloride (20 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection usp 500 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 450 mg sodium chloride usp 150 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 77 potassium 20 chloride 97 hypertonic osmolarity 447 mosmol/l (calc) sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa distributed in canada by baxter corporation mississauga on l5n 0c2 viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc 1 2 3 4 carton label carton label 2b1653q 24-500 ml viaflex plus container 10 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.45% sodium chloride inj, usp exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) yymm00 (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380671033 container label container label lot exp 2b1664 ndc 0338-0673-04 din 00786284 30 meq potassium chloride (30 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection usp 1000 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 450 mg sodium chloride usp 224 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 77 potassium 30 chloride 107 hypertonic osmolarity 466 mosmol/l (calc) sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 carton label carton label 2b1664x 14-1000 ml viaflex(r) plus container 30 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.45% sodium chloride inj, usp exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) yymm00 (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380673044 container label container label lot exp 2b1674 ndc 0338-0675-04 din 00438006 40 meq potassium chloride (40 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection usp 1000 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 450 mg sodium chloride usp 300 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 77 potassium 40 chloride 117 hypertonic osmolarity 487 mosmol/l (calc) sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 carton label carton label 2b1674x 14-1000 ml viaflex(r) plus container 40 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.45% sodium chloride inj, usp exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) xxxxx (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380675048 container label container label lot exp 2b2434 ndc 0338-0803-04 din 00786292 20 meq potassium chloride (20 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection usp 1000 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 900 mg sodium chloride usp 150 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 154 potassium 20 chloride 174 osmolarity 601 mosmol/l (calc) hypertonic may cause vein damage sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 carton label carton label 2b2434x 14-1000 ml viaflex(r) plus container 20 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.9% sod chl inj, usp exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) xxxxx (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380803045 container label container label lot exp 2 b2454 ndc 0338-0807-04 din 00786306 40 meq potassium chloride (40 meq/l) potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection usp 1000 ml each 100 ml contains 5 g dextrose hydrous usp 900 mg sodium chloride usp 300 mg potassium chloride usp ph 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5) meq/l sodium 154 potassium 40 chloride 194 osmolarity 641 mosmol/l (calc) hypertonic may cause vein damage sterile nonpyrogenic single dose container additives may be incompatible consult with pharmacist if available when introducing additives use aseptic technique mix thoroughly do not store dosage intravenously as directed by a physician see directions cautions squeeze and inspect inner bag which maintains product sterility discard if leaks are found must not be used in series connections do not use unless solution is clear rx only store unit in moisture barrier overwrap at room temperature (25°c/77°f) until ready to use avoid excessive heat see insert viaflex plus container pl 146 plastic baxter viaflex and pl 146 are trademarks of baxter international inc for product information 1-800-933-0303 baxter logo baxter healthcare corporation deerfield il 60015 usa made in usa distributed in canada by baxter corporation mississauga on l5n 0c2 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 carton label carton label 2b2454x 14-1000 ml viaflex(r) plus container 40 meq potassium chloride in 5% dex and 0.9% sodium chloride inj exp xxxxx secondary bar code (17) yymm00 (10) xxxxx lot xxxxx primary bar code (01) 50303380807043 representative container label ndc 0338-0663-04 representative carton label ndc 0338-0663-04 representative container label 0338-0603-03 representative carton label ndc number 0338-0603 representative container label ndc 0338-0669-04 representative carton label ndc number 0338-0669 representative container label ndc 0338-0671-03 representative carton label ndc number 0338-0671 representative container label 0338-0673-04 representative carton label ndc number 0338-0673-04 representative container label ndc 0338-0675-04 representative carton label ndc number 0338-0675-04 representative container label ndc 0338-0803-04 representative carton lbl ndc # 0338-0803-04 representative container label ndc 0338-0807-04 representative carton label ndc # 0338-0807-04